An Islamic kingdom established in Central Java (c. 1582-1755). There are many unknowns about the time and circumstances of its founding. Under the third king, Panumbahan Senapati Ingaraga (reigned c. 1584-1602), the kingdom began to conquer the surrounding areas by force, and under the fourth king, Sultan Agung (reigned 1613-45), the kingdom gained control of most of central and eastern Java and attacked Batavia (Jakarta), the base of the Dutch East India Company, twice. His son, Amangkulat I (reigned 1645-77), maintained friendly relations with the Dutch East India Company, but consolidated his dictatorial position within the country by killing opponents. This caused the ruler of Madura, Turnajaya, to revolt in 1674. The king asked the company for help and put down the revolt (1682), but from this point on the kingdom began to be subject to interference from the company and was forced to cede territory. After this, the kingdom had two wars of succession (1703, 1719-23) and a war to support a rebellion against the Dutch by the Batavian Chinese in 1744, and the company intervened in each of these wars, resulting in the loss of all of its territory along the north coast. The Dutch instead adopted a policy of indirectly controlling the territory by using the authority of the king, but the failure of Van Im'hof, Governor-General of the East Indies (in office 1743-50), led to the Third War of Succession (1749-57). This was essentially a resistance against Dutch rule in Mataram, but the Dutch took advantage of internal conflicts within the rebel army to put it down, and then in 1755 they divided the remaining territory of the kingdom into the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the Principality of Susuhunan in Surakarta, ending the history of the kingdom. [Shigeru Ikuta] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中部ジャワに成立したイスラム王国(1582ころ~1755)。建国の時期と事情については不明な点が多い。3代目の王パヌムバハン・セナパティ・インガラガ(在位1584ころ~1602ころ)の時代から武力による周辺地域の征服が始まり、4代目の王スルタン・アグン(在位1613~45)の時代にジャワ中部、東部のほとんどを支配下に収め、二度にわたってオランダ東インド会社の根拠地バタビア(ジャカルタ)を攻撃した。その子アマンクラット1世(在位1645~77)はオランダ東インド会社とは友好関係を維持したが、国内では反対者を殺すなどして独裁的地位を固めた。このためマドゥラの領主トゥルナジャヤが1674年に反乱を起こした。国王は会社に援助を求めてこれを鎮圧したが(1682)、このときから王国は会社の干渉を受けるようになったうえ、領土の割譲を迫られた。 こののち王国では二度にわたる王位継承戦争(1703、1719~23)、1744年のバタビア華僑(かきょう)のオランダに対する反乱の応援のための戦争があり、そのたびごとに会社の介入が起こり、北海岸に面した領土のすべてを失った。オランダはむしろ国王の権威を利用して間接的に領土を支配する政策をとったが、たまたま東インド総督ファン・イムホフVan Im'hof(在任1743~50)の失敗から第三次の王位継承戦争が起こった(1749~57)。これは実質的にはオランダのマタラム支配に対する抵抗であったが、オランダは反乱軍内部の対立を利用してこれを鎮圧し、ついで1755年に、まだ残っていた王国の領土をジョクジャカルタのスルタン領とスラカルタのススフナン侯領に分割し、王国の歴史は終わった。 [生田 滋] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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