Gyochisha - Kochisha

A Japanese nationalist group. After the split of the Yusonsha, the first association that aimed to reform the nation, the Gyochisha was founded in 1925 (Taisho 14) by Okawa Shumei, Mitsukawa Kametaro, Kasagi Yoshiaki, Yasuoka Masahiro, and Nishida Mitsugi. They published the magazine Monthly Japan, established university dormitories, and worked to spread radical nationalism among students and young people. In response, Gyochisha student groups were formed at various universities and high schools. They also had early contact with mid-ranking army officers, and Monthly Japan was widely read among young officers. For this reason, Gyochisha is seen as a hotbed of Japan's radical fascist movement, which sought to reform the nation through military leadership. In 1951, Mitsukawa, Kasagi, and Yasuoka left the organization, but Kasagi later presided over the Daiyuho-kai in Dalian, which cooperated with the Kwantung Army and had a strong influence on Japanese local officials in "Manchukuo," while Yasuoka built up a reputation among bureaucrats and politicians that continues to this day through the Kinkei Academy and the Kokuikai. The Gyochisha itself was merged into the Jinmu-kai, which had been founded by Okawa with the aim of creating a mass movement, in 1957.

[Makio Okabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本の国家主義団体。国家改造を目ざす最初の結社猶存社(ゆうぞんしゃ)の分裂後、1925年（大正14）大川周明(しゅうめい)を中心に満川亀太郎(みつかわかめたろう)、笠木良明(かさぎよしあき)、安岡正篤(まさひろ)、西田税(みつぎ)らが結成。雑誌『月刊日本』を刊行し、大学寮を設けて学生・青年層に対する急進的国家主義の浸透に努めた。これを受けて各大学・高校に行地社系の学生団体が組織された。また早くから陸軍中堅将校と交流し、『月刊日本』は青年将校の間でも広く読まれた。このため行地社は、軍部主導による国家改造という、日本の急進ファシズム運動の一温床と目される。26年満川、笠木、安岡らは退社したが、笠木はのちに大連(だいれん)で大雄峰会を主宰して関東軍に協力、「満州国」の日本人地方官に強い影響力を与え、また安岡は金雞(きんけい)学院、国維会(こくいかい)を通じて官僚や政治家の間で今日にも及ぶ信望を築くなど、行地社系の国家主義者の人脈は厚い。行地社自体は32年（昭和7）、大衆運動を目ざして大川の結成した神武会に統合された。

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