A treaty established by the European Community (EC). As a result of this, the EC developed into the European Union (EU), so it is also called the Treaty on European Union. It was adopted at a summit held in Maastricht, Netherlands in December 1991. It was signed in February 1992 and came into effect in November 1993. It is a new EU constitution that comprehensively revised the Treaty of Rome, which was called the EC's constitution, and includes a schedule for issuing a single currency. Furthermore, while the European integration movement has been centered on the economy up until now, the Maastricht Treaty is unique in that it also seeks to promote integration in the areas of diplomacy and security. It also proposed the establishment of European citizenship, strengthening the powers of the European Parliament, and the establishment of the European Criminal Police Agency (Europol). At the summit in June 1997, a new Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Amsterdam), which significantly revised the Maastricht Treaty, was adopted. The treaty introduced the idea of "constructive abstention," which means that the abstention of member states opposed to military action does not prevent resolutions, thereby opening the way for member states to possess their own military forces. [Sanshiro Yokoyama] "Japan Association for EC Studies (ed.) Annual Report of the Japan Association for EC Studies: Multifaceted Verification of the Maastricht Treaty" (1995, Yuhikaku) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ヨーロッパ共同体(EC)が定めた条約。これによりECはヨーロッパ連合(EU)に発展したため、ヨーロッパ連合条約Treaty on European Unionともよばれる。1991年12月、オランダのマーストリヒトで開催した首脳会議で採択された。92年2月に調印、93年11月に発効。ECの憲法といわれたローマ条約を包括改定した新しいEUの憲法で、単一通貨の発行スケジュールが盛り込まれた。またヨーロッパ統合運動はこれまで経済を中心としてきたが、マーストリヒト条約は外交・安全保障面でも統合を推進しようとするところに特色がある。ヨーロッパ市民権の確立、ヨーロッパ議会の権限強化、ヨーロッパ刑事警察機構(ユーロポール)の設置なども打ち出した。なお、97年6月の首脳会議では、マーストリヒト条約を大幅に改定した新ヨーロッパ連合条約(アムステルダム条約)が採択された。同条約は軍事行動に反対する加盟国の棄権は議決を妨げないとする「建設的棄権」の考え方を導入し、これによって独自の軍事力保有の道を開いた。 [横山三四郎] 『日本EC学会編『日本EC学会年報 マーストリヒト条約の多角的検証』(1995・有斐閣)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Maastricht (English spelling)
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