Kaigetsudo Ando

Date of birth and death unknown. A mid-Edo period ukiyo-e artist who specialized in hand-painted paintings. Mr. Okazawa (or Okazaki). Commonly known as Dewaya Genshichi, his other name was Kanunshi, and he lived in Suwacho, Asakusa, Edo. Unusually for an ukiyo-e artist, he did not create prints, but instead mass-produced typical hand-painted paintings of standing women filling the picture plane together with several of his disciples, sending them out into the world. These so-called "Kaigetsudo beauties" are depicted with primary colors and dynamic, vibrant brushstrokes, and were very popular as they well reflected the bold and free-spirited spirit of Edo people in the early 18th century from the Genroku period (1688-1704) to the Shotoku period (1711-16).

However, Ando was implicated in the Ejima-Ikushima Incident of 1714 (4th year of the Shōtoku era) and exiled to Izu Oshima, forcing the dissolution of the Kaigetsudo workshop. It seems that he was pardoned and returned to Edo again during the Kyoho era (1716-1736), but his later years are unclear. His pupils included Choyodo Anchi, who was likely related by blood, as well as Dohan, Doshin, Doshu and Doshu, all of whom produced prints of beautiful women. Other artists who followed the Kaigetsudo style included Baioken Nagaharu, Matsuno Chikanobu, Takizawa Shigenobu, Nishikawa Terunobu and Higashikawadō Satofu, and Miyagawa Choshun and Okumura Masanobu were also strongly influenced by him.

[Tadashi Kobayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生没年不詳。江戸中期の肉筆画専門の浮世絵師。岡沢（あるいは岡崎）氏。俗称出羽屋源七、別号を翰運子(かんうんし)といい、江戸・浅草諏訪(すわ)町に住んだ。浮世絵師としては珍しく版画作品をつくらず、女性の立ち姿のみを画面いっぱいにとらえた類型的な肉筆画を、数人の門弟とともに量産して世に送り出した。このいわゆる「懐月堂美人」は、原色的な色彩と抑揚に富む激しい筆線で表され、元禄(げんろく)年間（1688～1704）から正徳(しょうとく)年間（1711～16）にわたる18世紀初頭の江戸人の、豪快で闊達(かったつ)な気風をよく反映して、大いに流行した。

　しかし安度は1714年（正徳4）の絵島・生島事件に連座して伊豆大島に配流されることとなり、懐月堂工房は一挙に解体を余儀なくされることとなる。享保(きょうほう)年間（1716～36）に許されてふたたび江戸へ帰ったようだが、その晩年は明らかでない。門人に、血のつながりがありそうな長陽堂安知のほか、度繁(どはん)、度辰(どしん)、度種(どしゅ)、度秀(どしゅう)がおり、安知、度繁、度辰の3人には美人一人立ちの版画作品もある。そのほか懐月堂風を追った亜流画家として、梅翁軒永春(ながはる)、松野親信(ちかのぶ)、滝沢重信(しげのぶ)、西川照信、東川堂里風らがおり、また宮川長春、奥村政信らも強い影響を受けている。

［小林　忠］

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