A private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT is a comprehensive science and technology university. It was established in 1861 by geologist William Burton Rogers (1804-82) of the University of Virginia, who was a member of the University of Virginia's Technical University. The university was approved by the state of Massachusetts in 1861, but the university was not opened until 1865 due to the Civil War. From the beginning, the university placed emphasis on practical technical education, encouraging students to actively participate in experiments, and by the end of the 19th century, it had become a technical university that incorporated scientific education and research. In the 20th century, it had developed into a comprehensive university that included interdisciplinary education and research in many fields, and further developed into a university that is at the center of the world as an outstanding graduate school of science and technology. Today, MIT has a unique educational system that aims to cultivate well-balanced science and technology leaders who are not only knowledgeable in science and technology, but also in the humanities, social sciences, and the arts. In the 1980s, the university expanded to include faculties of architecture and urban planning, engineering, humanities and social sciences, business administration, and science, and offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree courses in each field. It also conducts joint classes, credit transfers, and student exchanges with nearby universities such as Harvard University and Boston University, and is considered an international model for science and technology universities, along with California Institute of Technology (CIT, Caltech). In addition, the board of directors, which consists of 75 prominent leaders from the business, academic, and other fields, is called "The Corporation." As of 2003, the university has 974 faculty members and 10,340 students, of which 4,112 are undergraduate students. [Katsuyuki Kitamura and Yumiko Sugiya] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ市にある科学技術系の総合大学。私立。略称MIT。「科学の振興、開発、応用」を目的として、バージニア大学の地質学者ロジャーズWilliam Burton Rogers(1804―82)が理想的な工科大学の創設を試み、1861年にマサチューセッツ州から認可を受けたが、実際の開校は南北戦争のため1865年になった。創設当初から学生を積極的に実験に参加させる実用中心の技術教育を重視し、19世紀末には科学的教育・研究を取り入れた工科大学となった。その後、20世紀に入って多領域の学際的教育・研究を含む総合大学へ、さらには卓越した理工系大学院として世界の中心に位置する大学へと発展した。今日では、MITは理工系の知識だけでなく、人文・社会科学や芸術的教養をもつ、バランスのとれた科学技術指導者の育成を目ざす独自の教育体制をとっている。1980年代に入り、建築・都市計画学、工学、人文科学・社会科学、経営学、理学の各学部を擁し、それぞれの分野の学士、修士、博士の学位コースを設けている。ハーバード大学やボストン大学など近隣の諸大学と共同授業、単位互換、学生交換も行っており、カリフォルニア工科大学(CIT、Caltech(カルテック))などと並び、国際的に科学技術系大学のモデルとみなされている。また、財界、学術ほかの傑出したリーダー75人などからなる理事会は、「コーポレーション」The Corporationとよばれている。2003年現在、教員数974人、学生数1万0340人のうち学部課程学生が4112人。 [喜多村和之・杉谷祐美子] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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