MacLeish, Archibald

Japanese: マクリーシュ（英語表記）MacLeish， Archibald

Born May 7, 1892 in Glencoe, Illinois
[Died] April 20, 1982. Boston American poet. After graduating from Yale University, he studied at Harvard University and opened a law practice, but in 1923 he went to Paris to dedicate himself to poetry. Influenced by the French Symbolists, TS Eliot, and Pound, he published experimental works such as The Happy Marriage (1924) and Streets in the Moon (26). He returned to the United States in 1928 and traveled to Mexico the following year, which strengthened his desire to rediscover America. He published collections of poems such as New Found Land (30) and Conquistador (32, Pulitzer Prize winner), while also writing the verse drama Panic (35), radio dramas in verse The Fall of the City (37), and Air Raid (38), which appealed to the urgent social situation and earned him the title "Poet Laureate of the New Deal." With the confidence of President F. Roosevelt, he held important government posts such as Librarian of Congress (1939-44) and Assistant Secretary of State (1944-45). After World War II, he returned to his original creative endeavors, publishing Collected Poems 1917-1952 (52) and a verse drama based on the Old Testament's Book of Job, JB (58), both of which won the Pulitzer Prize. His other works include The Human Season: Selected Poems 1962-1972 (72). He was a professor at Harvard University from 1949 to 1962. His critical works include Irresponsibles (40), which discusses the responsibility of poets, and Poetry and Experience (61).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1892.5.7. イリノイ，グレンコー
[没]1982.4.20. ボストン
アメリカの詩人。エール大学卒業後ハーバード大学に学び，弁護士を開業したが，1923年パリにおもむき詩作に専念，フランス象徴派や T. S.エリオット，パウンドらの影響下に『幸福な結婚』 The Happy Marriage (1924) ，『月の街路』 Streets in the Moon (26) など実験的な手法による作品を発表。 28年帰国，翌年のメキシコ旅行を契機にアメリカ再発見の意識を強め，『新発見の国』 New Found Land (30) ，『征服者』 Conquistador (32，ピュリッツァー賞) などの詩集を発表する一方，詩劇『恐慌』 Panic (35) ，韻文によるラジオドラマ『都市の崩壊』 The Fall of the City (37) ，『空襲』 Air Raid (38) などによって，切迫した社会情勢を訴え，「ニューディールの桂冠詩人」と称された。 F.ルーズベルト大統領の信任を得て，一時，議会図書館館長 (39～44) ，国務次官補 (44～45) など政府の要職についたが，第2次世界大戦後は再び本来の創作に集中して『詩集 1917～52年』 Collected Poems 1917-1952 (52) および，旧約『ヨブ記』に取材した詩劇『J.B.』 (58) を発表，ともにピュリッツァー賞を受けた。ほかに『人間の季節』 The Human Season: Selected Poems 1962-1972 (72) など。 49～62年ハーバード大学教授。評論に，詩人の責任を論じた『無責任な人々』 Irresponsibles (40) ，詩論『詩と経験』 Poetry and Experience (61) など。

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