The capital of the state of Saxony-Anhalt in central-eastern Germany. It was part of the former East Germany from 1949 to 1990. It is located on the middle reaches of the Elbe River. It has a population of 231,500 (2000). It is a key water transport point where the Mittelland Canal and the Elbe-Hafel Canal intersect with the Elbe River north of the city, and it is a transportation hub with a river port and a concentration of railways and roads. In particular, the opening of the Mittelland Canal in 1938, which connected it to the Ruhr region, promoted industrialization. Industries such as steel, machinery (locomotives), and food (sugar, coffee, chocolate) are thriving, and it is also a trading center for grain, coal, potassium salts, and sugar. It is also an academic city with an industrial university, a teaching university, and a medical university, and in the city center there are the Liebfrauenkirche and the cathedral. The 12th century Romanesque cathedral contains the tomb of Otto I and a statue by the foundryman Fischer. [Hiroshi Sasaki] historyThe city is located at a crossing point of the Elbe River, and was a trading base with the Slavs living east of the river from an early period. The first record of a marketplace was in 805 during the reign of Charlemagne. It later became a base for the evangelization of Christianity to the Slavs and the German advance to the East, and for this reason Otto I established St. Moritz Abbey in 937 and appointed an archbishop as its main church in 968. Commerce developed significantly from the second half of the 12th century, and in 1188 Archbishop Wichmann granted a city law, which was spread and accepted by cities in Brandenburg, Silesia, and Poland. The citizens fought against the archbishop's control over the city, and gained autonomy at the end of the 13th century. At the same time, they joined the Hanseatic League and became an influential member of it. During the Protestant Reformation, the city quickly converted to Protestantism, but was attacked by the imperial army led by Tille during the Thirty Years' War and completely destroyed in 1641. It was later restored under the competent leadership of Mayor Guericke, known for the "Magdeburg Hemisphere Experiment," and became one of Germany's leading commercial cities, becoming part of the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1680 and part of Prussia in 1814. [Yoshio Sehara] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ中東部、ザクセン・アンハルト州の州都。1949~90年は旧東ドイツに属した。エルベ川中流部沿岸に位置する。人口23万1500(2000)。ミッテルラント運河とエルベ・ハーフェル運河が市の北方でエルベ川に交わる水運の要衝で、河港をもち、鉄道・道路も集中する交通要地である。とくに1938年ミッテルラント運河の開通でルール地方と結ばれたことにより、工業化が促進された。鉄鋼、機械(機関車)、食品(製糖、コーヒー、チョコレート)などの工業が盛んで、穀物、石炭、カリ塩、砂糖の取引中心地ともなっている。工業大学、教育大学、医科大学などのある学都でもあり、都心にはリープフラウエン教会や大聖堂などがある。12世紀ロマネスク様式の大聖堂には、オットー1世の墓や鋳造家フィッシャー作の像がある。 [佐々木博] 歴史市はエルベ川の渡河地点に位置し、早くからエルベ川以東に住むスラブ人との交易の基地となった。カール大帝時代の805年、すでに市場が存在したという最初の記録がある。その後、スラブ人へのキリスト教布教、ドイツ人の東方進出の拠点となり、そのため937年オットー1世は聖モーリッツ修道院を設立し、968年これを本山聖堂として大司教を置いた。12世紀後半より商業が著しく発達し、1188年大司教ウィヒマンは都市法を賦与したが、この都市法はブランデンブルク、シュレージエン、ポーランド各地の都市に流布し、受容された。市民は大司教の都市支配権と闘い、13世紀末に自治を獲得し、他方、ハンザ同盟に加入、その有力なメンバーとなった。宗教改革に際してはいち早く新教化したが、三十年戦争のときティリの率いる皇帝軍に襲われ、1641年徹底的に破壊された。その後、「マクデブルクの半球実験」で知られる市長ゲーリケの適切な指導下に復興し、1680年ブランデンブルク選帝侯領、1814年プロイセン領となり、ドイツ有数の商業都市となった。 [瀬原義生] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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