Macartney - 1st Earl George Macartney

Japanese: マカートニー - まかーとにー(英語表記)1st Earl George Macartney
Macartney - 1st Earl George Macartney

British politician and diplomat. Born in Ulster, Northern Ireland, he became the Japanese envoy to Russia in 1764, served as a member of the British House of Commons, and served as Governor of Madras, India, from 1780 to 1785. On September 14, 1793, Macartney met with Emperor Qianlong at Jehol, carrying an instruction from the British government to go to Beijing to meet the emperor, and a letter of credentials from King George III, requesting that British people live and trade on the Chinese coast. There, he knelt on one knee instead of prostrating himself three times. However, the Chinese side regarded him as a tribute mission from afar, and Macartney left Beijing without any substantial negotiations. On his way back, he traveled along the canal to Hangzhou, and then continued traveling inland before returning home via Canton. He kept detailed diaries of his observations, and later served as a Senator and Governor of the Cape Colony.

[Takeshi Hamashita]

"The Diary of a Japanese Ambassador to China, by Macartney, translated and annotated by Masataka Sakano (Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)"

[Reference item] | Qianlong Emperor | George (III)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの政治家、外交官。北アイルランドのアルスターに生まれ、1764年駐露公使となり、イングランド下院議員を務めたのち、1780~1785年にかけインドのマドラス知事の任にあった。1793年9月14日、北京(ペキン)に赴き皇帝に謁見すべしというイギリス政府の訓令と、イギリス人が中国沿岸で居住し貿易ができるよう申し入れたジョージ3世の信任状を携え、乾隆(けんりゅう)帝に熱河で謁見した。そこでは三跪九叩頭(さんききゅうこうとう)ではなく、片膝(かたひざ)をつき信任状を手渡すという方法がとられた。しかし中国側はあくまでも遠方からの朝貢使節とみなし、実質的な交渉のないまま、マカートニーは北京を退去し、帰路は運河沿いに杭州(こうしゅう)に至り、その後も内地旅行を続け広東(カントン)を経て帰国した。彼は詳細な観察日記を残している。その後、上院議員、喜望峰植民地総督となった。

[浜下武志]

『マカートニー著、坂野正高訳注『中国訪問使節日記』(平凡社・東洋文庫)』

[参照項目] | 乾隆帝 | ジョージ(3世)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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