Bonaparte, Joseph

Japanese: ボナパルト（英語表記）Bonaparte， Joseph

Born January 7, 1768 in Corsica, Colt
[Died] July 28, 1844. Florence. French soldier and diplomat. King of Naples (reigned 1806-08) and King of Spain (reigned 08-13). Older brother of Napoleon I. In 1795, he accompanied Napoleon on his Italian campaign, and in 1797 served as envoy to Parma and Rome under the Directory, and at the end of the same year was a member of the Council of Five Hundred. In 1800, he concluded a treaty with the United States, and the following year he presided over the negotiations for the Treaty of Luneville with Austria, and participated in the drafting of the Treaty of Amiens. As the elder brother of the emperor, the brothers were at odds over the right to succeed to the throne, and he declined the offer of the throne of Lombardy. In 1806, he was sent to Naples and became its king, but Napoleon's dissatisfaction grew, and in 1808 he became King of Spain, but in 1813 he was exiled due to a popular uprising. After 1813, he held no important positions, and after the fall of Napoleon he went to America and campaigned for the restoration of Napoleon's son to the throne.

Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Lucien

Born: May 21, 1775 in Ajaccio, Corsica
[Died] June 29, 1840. Viterbo. French politician. Second brother of Napoleon I. A member of the Jacobin Club, he played an active role in southern France. He became a French military officer in Germany through Napoleon's mediation, but returned to Corsica because he did not fit in. He became a member of the Council of Five Hundred in 1798, and in 1799, as its chairman, he worked hard to ensure his brother's appointment as First Consul. However, he believed that his brother's ambition was endangering democracy, and their relationship became strained. He held several positions, but incurred his brother's displeasure, and finally married him secretly against his will, which caused the relationship to break down. In 1807, Napoleon offered him a position in the French royal family on the condition that the marriage be annulled, but he refused. After being placed under house arrest in England, he moved to Rome in 1814. He supported his brother during the "Hundred Days" and defended his brother's privileges until the end. He spent his later years in Italy.

Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Louis

Born: September 2, 1778 in Ajaccio, Corsica
[Died] July 25, 1846, Livorno. French soldier. King of the Netherlands (reigned 1806-10). Younger brother of Napoleon I, father of Napoleon III. After graduating from the military academy, he participated in the Italian campaign in 1796-97, and served as Napoleon's aide-de-camp in the Egyptian campaign in 1798-99. He was forced by Napoleon to marry Josephine's daughter Hortense de Beauharnais, but the marriage failed, and he rebelled against his brother, who would not allow him to divorce. He became a general in 1804, governor of Paris the following year, and king of the Netherlands in 1806, but was criticized by Napoleon for being too lenient with his subjects, and in 1810, when his brother's army occupied the capital of the Netherlands, he abdicated and fled the country, moving to Bohemia, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy, where he pursued writing.

Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Jérôme

Born: November 15, 1784 in Ajaccio, Corsica
[Died] June 24, 1860. Virginie. French military officer and marshal. King of Westphalia (reigned 1807-14). Youngest brother of Napoleon I. Served in the Consulate Guard from 1800, transferred to the navy, and then went to America, where he married E. Patterson. Commanded a fleet in the Mediterranean, then participated in the campaign of 1806. The marriage was declared invalid by Imperial decree, and he married Princess Catherine of Württemberg by order of Napoleon, and was made King of Westphalia in 1807. Returned to France after the fall of Napoleon. When his nephew Napoleon III ascended to the throne, he served as President of the Invalides and President of the Senate.

Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Napoléon-Joseph-Charles-Paul

Born: September 9, 1822, Trieste
[Died] March 17, 1891. Duke Napoleon of Rome. Son of Jerome Bonaparte, the youngest brother of Napoleon I. Opposed the 1851 coup that established the Second Empire, but was considered the successor to Napoleon III if he died without male children, and was seen as a representative of the liberal faction at court. In 1855 he was president of the Paris Universal Exhibition, in 1858 he was Minister of State, and in 1859 he married a Sardinian princess. During the Italian War of Independence he led the French army to occupy Tuscany, and retired after the collapse of the Empire, but became suzerain in 1879 upon the death of Napoleon III's son.

Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Pierre-Napoléon

Born: October 11, 1815 in Rome
[Died] April 7, 1881. Versailles. French politician. Cousin of Napoleon III, ardent liberal. During the 1848 Revolution, he was a far-left representative in the Constitutional Assembly. On December 2, 1851, he opposed Napoleon III's coup d'état and left politics. On January 10, 1870, he shot and killed V. Noir with a pistol and went into exile in England. He then secretly returned to France.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1768.1.7. コルシカ，コルト
[没]1844.7.28. フィレンツェ
フランスの軍人，外交官。ナポリ王 (在位 1806～08) ，スペイン王 (在位 08～13) 。ナポレオン1世の兄，1795年イタリア遠征中のナポレオンに従い，97年総裁政府下でパルマ，ローマへの公使，同年末五百人会議員。 1800年アメリカと協約を結び，翌年オーストリアとのリュネビル和約交渉を主宰，アミアン条約作成にも参画した。皇帝の兄として帝位継承権を求めて兄弟が対立し，ロンバルディ王位の提供も辞退した。 06年ナポリへ派遣され，その王となったが，ナポレオンの不満がつのり，08年スペイン王に転じたが，13年民衆の一揆で追放された。 13年以降は重職は果さず，ナポレオン没落後はアメリカへ渡り，ナポレオンの息子の帝位復帰を訴えた。

ボナパルト
Bonaparte， Lucien

[生]1775.5.21. コルシカ，アジャクシオ
[没]1840.6.29. ビテルボ
フランスの政治家。ナポレオン1世の次弟。ジャコバン・クラブに属して南フランスで活躍。ナポレオンの斡旋でドイツでフランス軍士官となったが，なじまずコルシカに戻り，1798年五百人会議員となり，99年にはその議長として兄の第1執政就任に尽力。しかし兄の野心が民主制を危うくすると信じ，両者の関係は緊張した。いくつかの地位についたが兄の不興を買い，最後にその意志に抗してひそかに結婚したため関係は破綻した。 1807年この結婚破棄を条件にフランス王族の地位をナポレオンから提供されたが拒絶。イギリスで軟禁されたあと，14年ローマに移った。「百日天下」では兄を支持，最後まで兄の特権を擁護した。晩年はイタリアで過した。

ボナパルト
Bonaparte， Louis

[生]1778.9.2. コルシカ，アジャクシオ
[没]1846.7.25. リボルノ
フランスの軍人。オランダ王 (在位 1806～10) 。ナポレオン1世の弟，ナポレオン3世の父。士官学校卒業後，1796～97年のイタリア遠征に従軍，98～99年のエジプト遠征ではナポレオンの副官。ナポレオンの強制でジョゼフィーヌの娘オルタンス・ド・ボーアルネと結婚したが失敗，離婚を許さない兄に反発した。 1804年将軍，翌年パリ知事，06年オランダ王となったが，ナポレオンから臣下に甘すぎると非難され，10年兄の軍隊がオランダの首都を占領したので退位して国外に逃れ，ボヘミア，オーストリア，スイス，イタリアに移って文筆に親しんだ。

ボナパルト
Bonaparte， Jérôme

[生]1784.11.15. コルシカ，アジャクシオ
[没]1860.6.24. ビルジュニ
フランスの軍人，元帥。ウェストファリア王 (在位 1807～14) 。ナポレオン1世の末弟。 1800年以降執政政府衛兵をつとめ，海軍に転属されたのち，アメリカへ渡り，E.パターソンと結婚した。地中海で小艦隊を指揮，次いで 06年の戦役に従軍。帝国令で結婚無効が宣告され，ナポレオンの命でウュルテンベルクの公女カタリーナと結婚，07年ウェストファリア王に叙せられた。ナポレオン没落後帰国。甥ナポレオン3世が即位すると廃兵院総裁，元老院議長などを歴任した。

ボナパルト
Bonaparte， Napoléon-Joseph-Charles-Paul

[生]1822.9.9. トリエステ
[没]1891.3.17. ローマ
ナポレオン公。ナポレオン1世の末弟ジェローム・ボナパルトの子。第二帝政を実現した 1851年のクーデターに反対したが，ナポレオン3世が男子を残さず死去した場合の後継者とされ，宮廷では自由派の代表と目された。 55年パリ万国博覧会総裁，58年国務相，59年サルジニアの王女と結婚。イタリア解放戦争ではフランス軍を指揮してトスカナを占領，帝政崩壊後引退したが，79年ナポレオン3世の息子の死で宗主となった。

ボナパルト
Bonaparte， Pierre-Napoléon

[生]1815.10.11. ローマ
[没]1881.4.7. ベルサイユ
フランスの政治家。ナポレオン3世の従弟にあたり，熱烈な自由主義者。 1848年の革命の際，憲法議会の極左派の代議士。 51年 12月2日ナポレオン3世のクーデターに反対し，政界を去った。 70年1月 10日 V.ノアールをピストルで射殺しイギリスに亡命。その後ひそかに帰国。

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