Biennale (English spelling) biennale Italian

Japanese: ビエンナーレ - びえんなーれ(英語表記)biennale イタリア語
Biennale (English spelling) biennale Italian

This means "every two years," and refers to an exhibition that is held regularly, every other year. The Venice Biennale, founded by the city of Venice in 1895, has the longest history. After World War II, several international art exhibitions were launched as an attempt to propose the direction of contemporary art through exchanges between artists from various countries. In 1951, the Sao Paulo Biennale in Brazil was founded, and it has been held alternately with the Venice Biennale, and has had a great influence on the trends of contemporary art. In Japan, the Japan International Art Exhibition (1952-1970, sponsored by the Mainichi Shimbun), commonly known as the Tokyo Biennale, and the Tokyo International Print Biennale (1957-1979, sponsored by the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo and the Japan Foundation) have been held. In 1995, the Gwangju Biennale began in Gwangju Metropolitan City in the southwest of South Korea, and after two exhibitions (1997) and three exhibitions (2000), it has developed into one of the leading international contemporary art exhibitions in East Asia.

Other regularly held international art exhibitions include the Triennale, which takes place every three years, and the Quadriennale, which takes place every four years. The Yokohama Triennale was established in autumn 2001 to mark the beginning of the new millennium, and has become a venue for showcasing cutting-edge art trends of the 21st century. Documenta, held in Kassel, Hesse, Germany, has been held every four to five years since its first exhibition in 1955, and has had a strong impact on contemporary art.

[Noriko Minato and Setsuko Yoshikawa]

"Japan's 40 Years of Participation in the Venice Biennale," edited by the Japan Foundation and the Mainichi Shimbun (1995, Mainichi Shimbun) " "Venice and Japan: Exchanges over Art," by Motoaki Ishii (1999, Brücke)

[References] | Documenta

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「2年ごと」の意で、1年おきに、定期的に開催される展覧会のこと。1895年にベネチア市によって創設されたベネチア・ビエンナーレがもっとも古い歴史を有する。第二次世界大戦後、各国の芸術家の交流を通して同時代美術の方向を提起する試みとして、いくつかの国際美術展が発足した。1951年にはブラジルのサン・パウロ・ビエンナーレが創設され、ベネチアと並ぶ二大ビエンナーレとして交互に開催され現代美術の動向に大きな影響を与えている。日本でも「東京ビエンナーレ」の通称で知られた日本国際美術展(1952~70、毎日新聞社主催)、東京国際版画ビエンナーレ(1957~79、東京国立近代美術館・国際交流基金主催)などが開催された。1995年には韓国南西部の光州広域市で光州ビエンナーレが始まり、2回展(1997)、3回展(2000)を経て、東アジア有数の国際現代美術展に発展している。

 このほか定期的に開催される国際美術展には「3年ごと」のトリエンナーレ、「4年ごと」のクアドリエンナーレがある。あらたな千年紀の幕開けとともに2001年秋には横浜トリエンナーレが創設され、21世紀の先端的な美術の動向を紹介する場となった。ドイツのヘッセン州カッセル市で開かれるドクメンタは、1955年の第1回展以来4~5年ごとに開催され、現代美術に強いインパクトを与えている。

[湊 典子・吉川節子]

『国際交流基金・毎日新聞社編『ヴェネチア・ビエンナーレ 日本参加の40年』(1995・毎日新聞社)』『石井元章著『ヴェネツィアと日本 美術をめぐる交流』(1999・ブリュッケ)』

[参照項目] | ドクメンタ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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