Honkadori - Honkadori

Japanese: 本歌取り - ほんかどり

A term used in the study of waka poetry. It is a technique in which a new poem is written by taking a part of an ancient poem (honka) with a solid source, and by associating it with the original poem to give it depth. An example is the composition of the original poem, "Is the rain falling so hard that it is Miwa-ga-saki, Sano-no-watari ni ie mo aranakuni" (Manyoshu), as "I stop my horse, brush my sleeves, and there is no shadow, and the snowy evening at Sano-no-watari" (Shin Kokinshu). A similar method was used in the Manyoshu and Kokinshu, but it was consciously used from the time of Fujiwara no Shunzei at the end of the Heian period. Fujiwara no Teika defined the technique, saying that (1) the original poem should be limited to poems from the Sandaishu or by outstanding poets of that era, (2) it should be about two phrases and three to four characters long from the original poem, (3) the position of the phrase taken should be different from that of the original poem, and (4) it is good to change the subject, such as using a spring poem to compose a love poem. As time went on, the scope of honka expanded and the method was discussed in detail, and in the Middle Ages, it was a commonly used technique. When a work is based on a story or Chinese poetry, it is said to have a "honsetsu" (main text), and in the case of Chinese poetry, it is said to have a "honmon" (main text). It was used not only in waka poetry but also in linked verse.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

歌学用語。典拠のしっかりした古歌 (本歌) の一部を取って新たな歌を詠み，本歌を連想させて歌にふくらみをもたせる技法。「苦しくも降りくる雨か三輪が崎佐野のわたりに家もあらなくに」 (『万葉集』) を本歌として「駒とめて袖うち払ふかげもなし佐野のわたりの雪の夕暮」 (『新古今集』) が詠まれるなどがその例。『万葉集』『古今集』にもこれに類する方法は行われていたが，平安時代末期，藤原俊成の頃から意識的に行われた。藤原定家はその技法を規定し，(1) 本歌は三代集またはその時代のすぐれた歌人の歌に限る，(2) 本歌の2句と3～4字程度の長さを取るのがよい，(3) 取った句の位置は本歌と異なるのがよい，(4) 春の歌を取って恋の歌を詠むというように主題を変えるのがよいとした。時代が下がるにつれ，本歌の範囲は広がり，細かくその方法が論じられて，中世ではごく普通に用いられる技法だった。なお物語や漢詩文に典拠をもつ場合は「本説 (ほんぜつ) 」があるといい，漢詩文の場合は「本文 (ほんもん) 」があるともいう。和歌だけでなく，連歌でも行われた。

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