Nutrition and FunctionThe history of fermented milk, including yogurt, is long, and there are even descriptions of it in Egyptian murals from 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. Yogurt was introduced to Japan during the Nara period, and the food called " raku" at that time is thought to be the equivalent of yogurt. However, it wasn't until around 1950 that yogurt really started to spread to Japanese households. At first, sweet-like products made by adding sweeteners and agar and solidifying them were mainstream, and it wasn't until the 1960s that the plain yogurt we know today became widespread. (It is highly digestible and absorbs well, and is richer in calcium and vitamin B2 than cow's milk.) ○Nutritional effects The main nutrients contained in yogurt are protein, lipids, calcium, vitamins A, B, D, and E, which are basically the same as those in milk, the raw material. However, due to the fermentation process, yogurt contains more vitamin B2 and calcium than milk. Furthermore, yogurt has the advantage that its proteins and lipids have already been broken down by the action of lactic acid bacteria, making it extremely easy to digest and absorb. Therefore, it is absorbed into the body two to three times faster than milk, and has the advantage that even people with lactose intolerance do not have to worry about getting an upset stomach when they eat it. For these reasons, yogurt is a nutritious food that is recommended for everyone, including children and the elderly. Calcium is effective against bone diseases such as osteoporosis, as well as irritability, emotional instability, and insomnia. The protein and various vitamins in yogurt are also useful for preventing and improving many diseases and symptoms, including stomach ulcers , gastritis, liver disease, hangovers, frailty, and anti-aging. (Increases good bacteria in the body, helping to prevent constipation, cancer, and infectious diseases) Another important point is that regularly consuming yogurt helps maintain a good balance of bacteria in the intestines. The human intestine is home to approximately 100 trillion bacteria, including good bacteria that have beneficial effects on the body, bad bacteria that have a negative effect, and opportunistic bacteria that do not usually play a significant role. These bacteria are constantly competing for power, and if there are more good bacteria, they will suppress the activity and proliferation of bad bacteria, helping to maintain good health. Conversely, if there are more bad bacteria, the activity of the good bacteria will decrease, and even opportunistic bacteria will start to have a detrimental effect on the body. Therefore, maintaining a balance of bacteria in the intestines in favor of good bacteria is very important for maintaining good health. A representative example of such good bacteria is bifidobacteria, and yogurt, which is rich in oligosaccharides and lactose that bifidobacteria prefer, is a very effective food for maintaining a balance of bacteria in the intestines in favor of good bacteria. In addition, the live lactic acid bacteria in yogurt also help the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestines. In addition, it also has the effect of strengthening liver function, and the health benefits of keeping the intestines dominated by good bacteria are immeasurable. Cooking tips:There are many different types of yogurt. Typical types include plain yogurt, which is made by simply fermenting milk with lactic acid bacteria and contains no additives, drinkable yogurt, which is liquidized to make it easier to drink, fruit yogurt, which is flavored with fruit juice and pulp, dessert yogurt, which is sweetened and flavored and solidified with agar, frozen yogurt, etc. For those concerned about obesity, there are also low-fat types made from skim milk. Of these, plain yogurt is the most nutritionally balanced and has the widest range of uses. It can be eaten as is, sprinkled on salads, used as a secret ingredient in curry or soup, and can be used in a variety of dishes. The key is to take it together with dietary fiber. This will further enhance the intestinal regulating effects of yogurt, so it is recommended to eat it with cereals, fruits, and vegetables. In addition, there are products that contain the good bacteria bifidobacteria to strengthen the intestinal regulation, and products that contain LG-21, which has the ability to kill the pathogenic bacteria O -157. Use them wisely to benefit your health. One thing to keep in mind when using yogurt in cooking is that it is prone to bacterial growth. If you're not going to use it all at once, it's best to store it in the refrigerator, but be sure to use a clean spoon when scooping the contents out. In addition, since fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria continues in yogurt that contains live lactic acid bacteria, if it is left for a long time, the amount of acid produced by fermentation increases, making the yogurt taste more sour. If you don't like the sour taste, it's best to eat it as soon as possible, even if it's within the expiration date. By the way, if you leave yogurt, it will separate into a solid part and a clear liquid called whey. This whey contains dissolved water-soluble proteins, minerals, and vitamins, so don't throw it away, but be sure to eat it together. It has been recognized that if the intestines are always dominated by good bacteria, the following benefits will be achieved: ●The lactic acid and acetic acid produced by good bacteria stimulates intestinal peristalsis , preventing and relieving constipation. It is also useful in preventing hemorrhoids , pimples, and rough skin. ●Prevents various types of cancer, including colon cancer, by preventing bad bacteria from producing carcinogenic substances and detoxifying the carcinogenic substances themselves. ●Good bacteria activate the body's immune function, preventing various infectious diseases including colds. ●Lactic acid, acetic acid, and other substances suppress the activity of pathogens, making food poisoning less likely to occur. Source: Shogakukan Medical Museum of Food Information |
《栄養と働き》ヨーグルトをはじめとする発酵乳の歴史は古く、5000~6000年前のエジプトの壁画にも、それに関する記述があるほど。日本にヨーグルトが伝わったのは奈良時代で、当時の「酪(らく)」という食品が、ヨーグルトにあたるとされています。 ただ、ヨーグルトが本格的に日本の家庭へ普及しはじめたのは、昭和25年ころのこと。それもはじめのうちは、甘味料や寒天を加えてかためたお菓子的な製品が主流で、現在のようなプレーンヨーグルトが広まるのは、昭和40年代に入ってからです。 〈消化吸収率が高く、カルシウム、ビタミンB2などは牛乳より豊富〉 ○栄養成分としての働き ヨーグルトに含まれるおもな栄養素は、たんぱく質、脂質、カルシウム、ビタミンA、B群、D、Eなどで、原料の牛乳と基本的にかわりません。ただ、ビタミンB2やカルシウムなどについては、発酵の作用によって、牛乳よりも多く含まれています。 しかも、ヨーグルトは乳酸菌の働きによって、たんぱく質や脂質などがすでに分解されており、消化吸収率が非常に高いのが特徴。 そのため、牛乳の2~3倍の速さで体内に吸収されるうえ、乳糖不耐症(にゅうとうふたいしょう)の人が食べても、おなかの調子が悪くなる心配が少ない、という長所があります。 こうしたことから、ヨーグルトは子どもや老人をはじめ、どんな人にでもすすめられる栄養食品です。カルシウムは、骨粗鬆症(こつそしょうしょう)などの骨の病気をはじめ、イライラ、情緒不安定、不眠症に有効。たんぱく質や各種ビタミンの働きにより胃潰瘍(いかいよう)、胃炎、肝臓病、二日酔い、虚弱体質、老化予防など、多くの病気や症状改善、予防にも役立ちます。 〈体内の善玉菌をふやし、便秘、がん、感染症の予防にも寄与〉 さらに、ヨーグルトを常食することで、腸内の細菌バランスを良好に保つことができる点も見逃せません。人の腸には約100兆個もの細菌が住んでおり、そのなかには体に好ましい働きをする善玉菌、悪い影響を与える悪玉菌、ふだんは目立った働きをしていない日和見菌(ひよりみきん)がいます。 これらの細菌はつねに勢力争いをしており、善玉菌が多くなれば、悪玉菌の活動や増殖を抑えて、体調を良好に保つ手助けをしてくれます。逆に、悪玉菌がふえれば、善玉菌の活動が低下し、日和見菌まで体に悪い働きをするようになるのです。 そのため、腸内の細菌のバランスを善玉菌優勢に保つことが、健康維持のうえでとてもたいせつ。そんな善玉菌の代表的なものがビフィズス菌であり、ビフィズス菌が好むオリゴ糖や乳糖を豊富に含むヨーグルトは、腸内の細菌バランスを善玉菌優勢に保つのに、非常に効果的な食品なのです。 また、ヨーグルトの中の生きた乳酸菌も、腸内のビフィズス菌の増殖を助ける役割をはたします。 このほかにも、肝機能強化などの働きもあり、腸内を善玉菌優勢に保つことで得られる、健康への効用ははかり知れません。 《調理のポイント》ひとくちにヨーグルトといっても、いろいろなタイプの商品があります。代表的なのは、牛乳を乳酸菌で発酵させただけで添加物をいっさい加えないプレーンヨーグルト、飲みやすいように液状にしたドリンクヨーグルト、果汁や果肉を加えて調味したフルーツヨーグルト、甘味料や香料を加えて寒天などでかためたデザートヨーグルト、冷凍したフローズンヨーグルトなど。肥満が気になる人には、脱脂乳からつくられたローファットタイプのものもあります。 このうち、栄養的にもっともバランスがよく、利用法も幅広いのは、やはりプレーンヨーグルトでしょう。そのまま食べるのはもちろん、サラダにかけたり、カレーやスープのかくし味、お菓子やドリンク類の材料と、さまざまな料理に使えます。 ポイントは食物繊維といっしょにとることです。 そうすれば、ヨーグルトのもつ整腸作用をいっそう高められますから、シリアル食品やくだもの、野菜などに合わせるのが、おすすめの食べ方です。 このほか、善玉菌のビフィズス菌を添加して整腸作用を強化した製品や、病原菌O(オー)―157の殺菌力をもつ、LG―21を添加した製品などもあります。じょうずに利用して健康に役立てましょう。 料理に使う際に気をつけたいのは、ヨーグルトは雑菌が繁殖しやすい点です。 一度で使い切らない場合、冷蔵庫で保存するのは当然ですが、中身をとりだすときにも清潔なスプーンを使うようにします。 また、生きた乳酸菌を含んだヨーグルトの中では、乳酸菌の発酵が続いているため、長く置いておくと発酵でできる酸が増加して、酸味が強くなります。 酸味のにがてな人は、賞味期限内であっても、できるだけ早く食べるほうがいいでしょう。 ところで、ヨーグルトを置いておくと、固形の部分と乳清と呼ばれる透明の液体に分離してきます。この乳清は、水溶性のたんぱく質やミネラル、ビタミン類が溶け込んでいるので、捨ててしまわず、ぜひいっしょに食べるようにしてください。 腸内がつねに善玉菌優勢に保たれていれば、以下のような効用があることが認められています。 ●善玉菌がつくりだす乳酸や酢酸(さくさん)の働きで腸の蠕動運動(ぜんどううんどう)が活発になり、便秘を防止・解消。痔(じ)や吹き出もの、肌荒れの予防にも役立つ。 ●悪玉菌が発がん性物質をつくるのを防いだり、発がん物質そのものを無毒化することによって、大腸がんなど、各種のがんを予防する。 ●善玉菌が体の免疫機能を活性化させることにより、かぜをはじめとする各種の感染症を防ぐ。 ●乳酸や酢酸などが、病原菌の活動を抑えて、食中毒になりにくくする。 出典 小学館食の医学館について 情報 |
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