Cerebral concussion

Japanese: 脳振盪 - のうしんとう（英語表記）Cerebral concussion
Cerebral concussion

What kind of injury?

Head injuries at the time of injury Memory loss ( Memory room ) A concussion is defined clinically as loss of consciousness that is relieved within six hours of injury.

What is the cause?

head Bruises ( Daboku ) The impact causes brain cells to temporarily stop functioning or parts of them to become damaged, resulting in a temporary loss of consciousness.

How symptoms manifest

Amnesia ( Kenbo ) (Memory loss) occurs, so you cannot remember what happened at the time of the injury.

Orientation ( Research ) Although some patients may experience temporary memory impairment (not being able to remember dates, places, or people around them) or loss of consciousness, in most cases these symptoms improve immediately after the injury, leaving only amnesia and no other abnormalities in brain function.

It may also be accompanied by headaches and vomiting.

Testing and diagnosis

A head CT scan usually shows no abnormalities, but a head MRI, which is more accurate than a CT scan, may show small bleeding or swelling (edema).

Treatment methods

The patient will recover normally with just observation. If a head CT scan reveals abnormalities such as a cerebral contusion or hematoma, treatment for that will be provided. If the patient has a headache or vomiting, rest, intravenous drip, or drug therapy (such as painkillers and antiemetics as symptomatic treatment) will be administered depending on the symptoms.

Some of the lost memories may return, but people usually have no recollection of the time of the injury, but generally do not suffer any lasting memory loss after the injury.

Jun Namiki

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな外傷か

　頭部外傷のうち、受傷時の記憶喪失(きおくそうしつ)、あるいは受傷後6時間以内に回復した意識消失がある場合を、臨床的に脳振盪と定義しています。

原因は何か

　頭部打撲(だぼく)の衝撃により脳細胞が一時的に機能を停止、あるいはその一部が損傷を受けて一過性の意識障害が起こります。

症状の現れ方

　健忘(けんぼう)（記憶が失われること）が起こるため、受傷時のことを思い出せません。

　見当識(けんとうしき)の障害（日付や場所、周囲の人のことがわからない）や意識消失が一過性にみられることもありますが、ほとんどの場合は受傷直後に改善するため健忘だけが残り、その他の脳の機能異常は認められません。

　頭痛や嘔吐などを伴うこともあります。

検査と診断

　通常、頭部CTでは異常が認められませんが、CTよりも精度の高い頭部MRIでは小さな出血やむくみ（浮腫）が映し出されることがあります。

治療の方法

　経過観察だけで正常に回復します。頭部CTで脳挫傷(のうざしょう)や血腫などの異常があれば、それに対する治療が行われます。頭痛や嘔吐があれば、症状に応じて安静、点滴あるいは薬物療法（対症療法として鎮痛薬や制吐薬など）が行われます。

　失われていた記憶の一部はもどりますが、けがをした時のことは思い出せないのが普通です。ただし一般的には、その後に記憶障害が後遺症として残ることはありません。

並木　淳

出典　法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について　情報

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