Born: August 30, 1748, Paris, France [Died] December 29, 1825. Brussels, Belgium. French painter. Founder and leader of Neoclassicism (→ Neoclassical art). Studied under François Boucher and Joseph-Marie Bien, and in 1774 won the Prix de Rome and studied in Italy (1775-80). He initially studied the works of the Bolognese school, but gradually became interested in classicism (→ Classical art). After returning to Italy, he produced his first major work, The Oath of the Horatii (1784-85, Louvre Museum). He became the court painter of Louis XVI, but during the French Revolution he sided with the Jacobins and was imprisoned. Later, with the rise of Napoleon I, he gained the favor of Napoleon I, became the emperor's chief painter, and dominated the art world. He placed importance on the strict composition and form of classical sculpture, and painted social and historical themes with precise brushwork. His students included François Gérard, Antoine-Jean Gros, and Jean Ingres. After the fall of Napoleon, he was exiled and fled to Brussels in 1816, where he died. Other major works include "The Death of Marat" (1793, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium), "The Sabine Women" (1799, Louvre), "Portrait of Madame Récamier" (1800, Louvre), and "The Consecration of Napoleon I" (1805-07, Louvre). David |
[生]1748.8.30. フランス,パリ [没]1825.12.29. ベルギー,ブリュッセル フランスの画家。新古典主義(→新古典主義美術)の創始者,指導者。フランソア・ブーシェ,ジョゼフ=マリー・ビアンに師事,1774年ローマ大賞を得てイタリアに留学(1775~80)。初めボローニャ派の作品を学んだが,しだいに古典主義(→古典主義美術)に傾倒した。帰国後,最初の大作『ホラチウス兄弟の誓い』(1784~85,ルーブル美術館)を発表。ルイ16世の宮廷画家となったが,フランス革命時代はジャコバン党員(→ジャコバン派)として革命に味方し投獄された。その後ナポレオン1世の台頭とともにその寵を受け,皇帝の首席画家となって画壇に君臨。古典彫刻における厳正な構図と形式を重視して,社会的,歴史的な題材を精緻な筆致で描いた。門下にはフランソア・ジェラール,アントアーヌ=ジャン・グロ,ジャン・アングルなどがいる。ナポレオンの失脚後は追放され,1816年ブリュッセルに亡命,同地で没した。その他の主要作品に『マラーの死』(1793,ベルギー王立美術館),『サビニの女たち』(1799,ルーブル美術館),『レカミエ夫人像』(1800,ルーブル美術館),『ナポレオン1世の聖別式』(1805~07,ルーブル美術館)など。 ダビッド
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