A national university in Bologna, Italy. It is believed to have been founded in the 11th century, and together with the University of Paris, it was the world's first university and became the prototype of the global university system. It was originally formed as a cooperative organization called Universitas, which was formed by students from all over Europe who came to listen to the lectures of Irnerius, who lectured on Roman law, and was also called Studium Generale, which means "a school where students from all over the world gather". In 1158, it obtained a charter from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and was officially recognized as a university mainly for legal studies, and in the 13th century it was also recognized by the Pope. By that time, faculties of medicine, theology, and philosophy had already been established, and in the 14th century, a mathematics faculty was added. In particular, the medical faculty was the first faculty in the world to teach and practice anatomy, and it became the center of academic studies in southern Europe, attracting a large number of students from all over the world. Dante and Petrarch also taught here. In 1802, it became a national university, and while it has a great deal of autonomy, it is financially supported by the state and other sources. Currently, it is one of the country's leading comprehensive universities, with 17 faculties, including economics, law, literature and philosophy, education, psychology, medicine, mathematics, physics and natural sciences, industrial chemistry, pharmacology, engineering, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. As of 2000, it has about 100,000 students, making it one of the largest universities in Italy. [Kitamura Kazuyuki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアのボローニャにある国立大学。11世紀の創設と推定され、パリ大学とともに世界最初の大学として、世界の大学制度の原型となった。当初、ローマ法を講じるイルネリウスの講義を聴くためヨーロッパ各地から集まってきた学生が結成した組合団体Universitasから発生し、「あらゆる地域の学生が集まる学苑(がくえん)」を意味するStudium Generaleともよばれた。1158年、神聖ローマ帝国皇帝フリードリヒ・バルバロッサの特許状を得て、法学研究を主とする大学として公認され、13世紀にはローマ法王からも認可を受けた。そのころすでに医学、神学、哲学の各学部が設置され、14世紀には数学部も加えられた。とくに医学部は世界で最初に解剖学の教授と実習を行った学部であり、南ヨーロッパの学術の中心となり、おびただしい数の学生を各地からひきつけた。ダンテやペトラルカもここで教鞭(きょうべん)をとった。1802年、国立大学となり、多大の自治権を有しつつ、財政的には国家とその他の財源でまかなわれている。現在は、経済学、法律学、文芸・哲学、教育学、心理学、医学、数学、物理・自然科学、工業化学、薬学、工学、農学、獣医学などの17学部を擁する、同国の代表的な総合大学となっている。2000年現在、学生数約10万人とイタリアでもっとも大きい大学の一つである。 [喜多村和之] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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