The capital of the Emilia-Romagna region in northeastern Italy. Population: 369,955 (2001 census preliminary figure). Located on the Via Emilia, in the plains between the Reno and Sabena rivers, at the northern foot of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. An important transportation hub linking northern Italy with central and southern Italy, and a distribution center for agricultural products. There are a variety of industries, including food processing, shoemaking, wood processing, rubber, metals, precision machinery, and plastics, but in terms of scale, small and medium-sized enterprises are the norm. The city is home to many noteworthy works of art and historical architecture, including the Gothic Basilica of San Petronio (14th-17th century), the Comunale Palace (13th century), which houses a collection of Bolognese paintings from the 14th to 17th centuries, the National Picture Gallery, which houses Raphael's "Saint Cecilia," two leaning towers (12th century), the Asinelli Tower (98 meters) and the Garisenda Tower (48 meters, unfinished), and the bronze sculpture "Fountain of Neptune" (16th century) by Giambologna. In 1972, a full-scale policy was launched aimed at the preservation and restoration of the historic district, and the city has a tradition of urban planning dating back to the Fascist period. [Kenichi Sakai] historyThe origins of Bologna's predecessor, Felsina, date back to the 9th century BC, when the Villanova culture flourished. After being ruled by the Etruscans in the 6th to 4th centuries BC, it became a Roman colony in 189 BC. It then flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries AD, based on commerce, grain cultivation, and silk and linen weaving. The University of Bologna, which is believed to have been founded in the 11th century, developed mainly as a center for legal studies, and gained fame in Europe alongside the University of Paris, which studied theology. Its population in 1371 is said to have been 50,000. From the 14th century onwards, it became the base of the Bolognese School of painting. It became a Papal State in 1513, and this status continued until the unification of Italy, except for the Napoleonic era (1796-1814). [Kenichi Sakai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア北東部、エミリア・ロマーニャ州の州都。人口36万9955(2001国勢調査速報値)。トスカナ‐エミリア・アペニン山脈の北麓(ほくろく)、レーノ川とサーベナ川に挟まれた平野部のエミリア街道沿いに位置する。イタリアの北部と中・南部を結ぶ重要な交通の要地、農産物の集散地。食品加工、製靴、木材加工、ゴム、金属、精密機械、プラスチックなどの多様な工業があるが、規模からいえば中小企業が一般的である。市中にはゴシック様式のサン・ペトローニオ大聖堂(14~17世紀)、14~17世紀のボローニャ派絵画のコレクションが収められるコムナーレ宮殿(13世紀)、ラファエッロの『聖女チェチリア』などが収蔵される国立絵画館、アシネッリ塔(98メートル)とガリゼンダ塔(48メートルで未完)という二つの斜塔(12世紀)、ジャンボローニャによるブロンズの彫刻像『ネプチューンの噴水』(16世紀)など、特記すべき美術作品・歴史的建築物が多い。1972年には歴史地区の保存と修復を目ざした本格的な施策が打ち出されるなど、都市計画に関してはファシズム期以来の伝統を有している。 [堺 憲一] 歴史ボローニャの前身フェルシナFelsinaの起源は、ビッラノーバ文化が栄えていた紀元前9世紀にまでさかのぼる。前6~前4世紀のエトルリア人の支配などを経て、前189年ローマの植民市となる。その後、紀元後12~13世紀には、商業、穀作、絹・麻織物業を土台にして大いに栄えた。また11世紀に創設されたと推定されるボローニャ大学は、法学研究を主体として発展し、神学研究のパリ大学と並んでヨーロッパに名声を博した。1371年の人口は5万人といわれている。14世紀以降、絵画のボローニャ派の拠点となる。1513年からは教皇領となり、その状態がナポレオン時代(1796~1814)を除いてイタリア統一まで続いた。 [堺 憲一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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