Gloves - gloves

Japanese: 手袋 - てぶくろ
Gloves - gloves

A general term for a bag-shaped hand covering worn on the hand. Also called a mitten.

[Tanaka Toshiko]

kinds

There are various types depending on the shape, purpose, material, etc. (1) They can be broadly divided into two types based on the shape. (a) Glove: A glove with five separate fingertips. Baseball gloves are an example of this. Boxing gloves are called gloves, but are exceptions as they are mittens (described below) in terms of shape. Riding gloves and kote gloves used in kendo also belong to this category based on their shape, but are called gauntlets. Japanese yugake gloves also belong to this category and are called gloves. (b) Mitten: A glove with two prongs with only the thumb separated. Baseball mitts are a type of this. Decorative gloves made of silk or lace for women that have no fingertips are also called mitts or mittens. (2) They can be broadly divided into protective/cold-weather gloves and decorative/ceremonial gloves, with materials suited to each purpose being used. (a) Protection and cold protection Generally, gloves for cold protection are made of woven or knitted fabrics such as wool, cashmere, angora, and synthetic fibers, which have high thermal insulation properties, and soft, stretchy tanned leather from sheep, goat, antelope, deer, and cow. Nowadays, synthetic leather is also widely used. For children in cold regions, there are quilted mittens made of synthetic cotton sandwiched between nylon and polyester taffeta. For protection, cotton work gloves made of coarsely woven cotton thread are widely used for simple work, and rubber gloves are widely used for wet work. For precision industry work, there are thin knitted cotton gloves, polyvinyl gloves and rubber gloves for medical and sanitary work, and for special work, there are lead-coated gloves for X-ray technicians and light metal fireproof gloves. For the purpose of protection from the cold, slippage, and injury and dirt, various gloves are used for various sports such as skiing, golf, baseball, boxing, archery, and driving. (b) Decorative and ceremonial gloves are indispensable for formal attire. White gloves are considered the formal attire for men, but silk, linen, and synthetic gloves are also used. For women, it is customary to wear white gloves or long white silk or synthetic gloves that reach above the elbow. In other cases, the colors and lengths of gloves vary to match the formal attire. Decorative and ceremonial gloves generally fit snugly around the hands.

The length can be roughly divided into three levels: short, medium, and long; down to the wrist, midway between the wrist and elbow, and elbow or above.

[Tanaka Toshiko]

history

Some archaeologists believe that in the Late Paleolithic period, some humans used fingerless, bag-like, elbow-length gloves to keep warm, so they must have been used from a very long time ago. The oldest known remains are those of King Tut'ankh-Amun (Tutankhamun) of Ancient Egypt, from around 1360 BC. They are elaborate linen tapestry gloves of medium length with five fingers and ties, with patterns woven from dyed animal hair fibers. Greek gloves can be found in the works of Homer, and Persian five-fingered leather gloves for keeping warm can be found in the writings of Xenophon (c. 430-c. 354 BC). There are records of mittens being used for various labor purposes in ancient Rome, but these were still rare. On the other hand, a similar gauntlet (gauntlet) was developed in ancient times as part of military equipment. These gloves were eventually introduced to Europe, and from cloth work gloves worn by monks, they became accessories for religious and royal aristocratic figures by the 7th century, becoming quite common among the upper classes. Some gloves were made of cloth or leather and were embroidered or studded with jewels, and those worn by priests and kings were particularly beautiful. Thus, gloves gradually became more decorative, and came to be valued as symbols of status and rank. There was also a custom of giving gloves as a symbol in ceremonies to grant land or when monks were given high status.

In the 12th century, five-finger gloves appeared. In the 14th century, knitted gloves also appeared and became common among upper-class men. These were closely related to the development of gauntlets, which were part of armor. From the 16th century, decorated gloves for women became popular and became an important accessory for women. Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603) loved wearing lavishly decorated gloves, which spurred the trend. Glove-making technology also made a great leap forward, and soft kid gloves were shipped from Grenoble, France to England, and Grenoble later became known as a producer of high-quality leather gloves. Until the 19th century, high-quality French gloves were sold through the hands of English people. The most splendid period was the 17th century, under Louis XIII (reigned 1610-43) and Louis XIV (reigned 1643-1715). In response to the shortening of women's sleeves, long gloves that reached the elbow appeared and continued until the 18th century. Rich lace-trimmed kiddos and silk gloves were used.

In the 19th century, men's gloves became simpler and generally shorter, with kid white for formal wear, colored gloves for daytime wear, and lavender for weddings, as etiquette continues to this day. As women's sleeves became shorter in the early 19th century, simple gloves appeared that were elbow-length or even longer and fitted tightly to the arm. These are still the custom for sleeveless formal wear today. Since then, a variety of simple styles of short and long gloves have been adopted, as they remain to this day.

In Japan, they can be found among the belongings of Tokugawa Ieyasu, but generally speaking, they date back to the introduction of knitted cotton work gloves, known as gunte, along with the introduction of military uniforms at the end of the Edo period. These were made as a side job by the declining samurai class. They later became widespread, and are now considered a winter seasonal word in haiku poetry.

The term "glove" also refers to a bag made from the palm of the hand (the shape used when scooping up water with both hands to drink), and also refers to putting one's hand in one's chest (chestnut hand) or a bird lifting one leg and putting it inside its belly feathers. Therefore, "pulling the glove" means to pull one's hand back or not to put out a hand. "Throwing the glove" is used when declaring a definitive break in relations with the other person, based on the Western custom of challenging a duel.

[Tanaka Toshiko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

手にはめる手形の袋状手覆いの総称。手套(しゅとう)ともいう。

[田中俊子]

種類

形、用途、素材などによってさまざまのものがある。(1)形から2種類に大別できる。(a)グラブglove 5本の指先が分かれたもの。野球のグラブはこれにあたる。ボクシング用のものはグローブと称するが、形からは後述のミトンにあたり、例外である。乗馬用の長手袋や剣道用の籠手(こて)は形状からはこれに属するが、ゴントレットgauntletと称される。日本の弓懸(ゆがけ)もこれに属し、手袋という。(b)ミトンmitten 親指だけを分離した二またのもの。野球用のミットmittはこの一種である。婦人用の指先部のない絹やレース製の装飾用の手袋も、ミットまたはミトンと称される。(2)用途からは保護、防寒用と装飾、儀礼用とに大別でき、それぞれの用途に適する素材が使われている。(a)保護、防寒用 防寒用として一般的に用いられているものは、保温性の高い羊毛、カシミヤ、アンゴラ、合繊などの織物、編物や、羊、山羊(やぎ)、カモシカ、鹿(しか)、牛などの伸縮のきく柔らかいなめし革でつくられる。今日では、合成皮革もかなり使われている。また寒冷地方の子供用にはナイロン、ポリエステルタフタの間に合繊綿を挟んだキルティング地のミトンなどもある。保護用のうち、単純な作業には木綿糸を粗く編んだ軍手、水仕事用にはゴム手袋が広く使われている。精密工業の作業用には木綿などの薄地メリヤス製が、医療、衛生作業用にはポリビニル手袋やゴム手袋があり、さらに特殊作業用として、レントゲン技師用の鉛加工手袋、軽金属性の防火手袋などもある。防寒、滑り止め、けが、汚れなどからの保護の目的で、スキー、ゴルフ、野球、ボクシング、弓道、ドライブなど、さまざまなスポーツにも種々の手袋が使われている。(b)装飾、儀礼用 礼装には欠くことのできないものである。男子礼装では白のキッドが正式とされているが、絹、麻、合繊のものも用いられる。婦人用の正装にも、白キッドや肘(ひじ)上までの白い絹や合繊の長手袋を用いる習わしとなっている。そのほかの場合は、色や丈も礼服にあわせてさまざまである。装飾、儀礼用は、一般に手にぴったりしたものが多い。

 長さは手首までのもの、手首と肘の中間のもの、肘またはそれ以上のものと、およそ短、中、長の三段階に分けることができる。

[田中俊子]

歴史

晩期旧石器時代に、防寒の目的で指のない単なる袋状の肘丈の手袋にあたるものを用いた人類もあったとみる考古学者もあり、かなり古い時代から用いられたらしい。最古の遺品と考えられるのは、紀元前1360年ごろ、古代エジプトのトゥト・アンク・アメン王(ツタンカーメン)のものである。結び紐(ひも)のついた5本の指のある中丈の、文様部分は染色した獣毛繊維で織り出した、麻の綴織(つづれおり)の精巧な手袋である。古代ギリシアのホメロスの作品にギリシア人の手袋が、またクセノフォンXenophon(前430ころ―前354ころ)の著作にペルシア人の防寒用の5本指の革手袋がみられる。古代ローマ時代にもミトンがいろいろな労働用に使われたという記録があるが、これらはまだ珍しいものであった。一方では古代に、武具の一部の籠手(こて)(ゴントレット)として同様のものが発達していた。これらは、やがてヨーロッパにも伝わり、僧侶(そうりょ)の労働用布手袋から、7世紀ごろには宗教上や王侯貴族の装身具となり、上層ではかなり普及した。布製や皮革製で刺しゅうや宝石をちりばめたものも登場し、司祭や王たちのものはことにみごとであった。こうして手袋は、しだいに装飾要素を強くしていき、身分や階級の象徴として重視されるようになる。土地を与える儀式や、僧侶に高い地位を与える際に、その象徴として手袋を与える習慣もおこっている。

 12世紀には5本指のグラブが登場。14世紀には編手袋も現れ、上層男子では一般的なものとなった。これらは甲冑(かっちゅう)の一部であった籠手の発達と密接に関連していた。16世紀からは婦人の装飾の手袋が流行し、以来婦人にも重要なアクセサリーとなる。エリザベス1世(在位1558~1603)は豪華に飾りたてた手袋を愛用し、流行に拍車をかけた。また、手袋製造技術は飛躍的な進歩をみせ、柔らかいキッドの手袋がフランスのグルノーブルからイギリスに出荷され、その後グルノーブルは良質な革手袋の産地として知られるようになる。19世紀までフランス製の高級手袋はイギリス人の手を経て売られていた。もっとも華麗なのは17世紀、ルイ13世(在位1610~43)、ルイ14世(在位1643~1715)の時代で、婦人服の袖(そで)丈が短くなったのに呼応して、肘丈までの長い手袋が出現し18世紀まで続く。豊かなレースで飾られたキッドや絹の手袋が用いられた。

 19世紀の男子用手袋はシンプルで一般に短くなり、正装にはキッドの白、日中には色物、婚礼にはラベンダー色を用いるのがエチケットとされ、今日に至っている。婦人服の袖が19世紀初期にいっそう短くなったのにしたがって、手袋は肘丈か、さらに長い丈で腕に密着したシンプルなものが現れた。袖なしの正装には現在もそれが使われる習慣である。それ以来長短各種の簡潔な形に落ち着き、現在に至っている。

 日本では徳川家康の遺品のなかにもみられるが、一般には幕末の軍服導入とともに、木綿編みの作業用手袋、いわゆる軍手が導入されたのに始まる。これは、斜陽武士階級の手内職でつくられていた。その後普及し、俳諧(はいかい)では冬の季語とされている。

 また手袋は、手のひらでつくった袋(両手で水をすくい上げて飲むときの形)をも称し、手を懐(ふところ)へ入れていること(ふところ手)や、鳥が片脚をあげて腹毛のなかに入れることをもいう。したがって「手袋を引く」とは、手を引っ込ませる、手出しをしないの意となる。また「手袋を投げる」は、決闘を申し込むときの西洋の風習から、相手に決定的な断交を宣言するときなどに用いられる。

[田中俊子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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