German author. Born in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn, Poland). Grew up in Berlin from an early age, he was welcomed into the circle of writers that would later become the driving force of the Naturalist movement. He published the collection of poems "Book of Ages" (1886), which broke with classical tradition and addressed the new social reality. In 1891, he promoted thorough naturalism in his essay "Art, its Essence and Laws," influenced by the theory of the foreign Naturalist movement. "Art = Nature minus X" is his famous definition. His collaborations with Schraff include novels "Papa Hamlet" (1889) and "A Certain Death" (1889), which are characterized by detailed environmental descriptions known as "second bodies," and the play "The Seelicke Family" (1890). He also became editor-in-chief of the journal "Theatre Liber der Zeit" (later "New Perspectives" magazine). The cycle of poems Phantasms (1898-1899) was a practical application of the new rhythmic theory he had pursued in Revolution in Lyric Poetry (1899), but also drew on the fantastical forms of Baroque poetry (Daphne, 1904). In collaboration with Jerschke, he wrote the tragicomedies Traumulus (1904) and Ignorabeams (1913). [Tatsuji Iwabuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの作家。ラステンブルク(現、ポーランド、ケントシン)生まれ。幼時からベルリンで育ち、詩人として、のちに自然主義運動の担い手となる作家サークルに迎えられ、古典的伝統と決別して新しい社会の現実を対象とする詩集『時代の書』(1886)を発表。1891年には『芸術、その本質と法則』という論文で、外国の自然主義運動理論にも影響されて徹底自然主義を推進した。「芸術=自然マイナスX」は彼の唱えた有名な定義である。シュラーフとの共作には、「秒体」とよばれる細密な環境描写を特徴とする小説、『パパ・ハムレット』(1889)、『ある死』(1889)、戯曲『ゼーリッケ一家』(1890)がある。また機関誌『自由劇場』(後の『新展望』誌)の編集長となった。連作詩集『ファンタズス』(1898~1899)は、『叙情詩の革命』(1899)で追求した新しいリズム理論の実践であるが、幻想的なバロック詩の形式からも学んでいる(『ダフネ』1904)。イェルシュケとの合作では悲喜劇『トラウムルス』(1904)、『イグノラビームス』(1913)を書いている。 [岩淵達治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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