Borgia, Cesare, Duc (Duke) De Valentinois

Japanese: ボルジア（英語表記）Borgia, Cesare, Duc (duke) De Valentinois

Born: 1475/1476. Rome, Italy?
[Died] 1507. Italian politician near Viana, Spain. Son of Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI). From the Borgia family. Archbishop of Valencia in 1492, cardinal in 1493, governor of Orvieto in 1495. He is thought to have been involved in the death of his younger brother Juan in 1497, and began to show political ambition around this time. In 1498, he declared his intention to step down from his cardinal position, and in the same year, King Louis XII of France bestowed upon him the territory of Valentinois near Lyon, from which he was called Duke of Valentinois. In 1499, he married Charlotte d'Albert, cousin of Louis XII and sister of the King of Navarre. After securing the support of France, he aimed to conquer central Italy, taking Imola, Forlì, Rimini, Pesaro, and Urbino in succession, and in 1502 became Duke of Romagna. In 1503, his father, Pope Alexander VI, suddenly died of an illness, and Cesare himself fell seriously ill. He was arrested by the successor Pope Julius II and stripped of his title of Duke of Romagna. He fled to Naples, but was arrested again and exiled to Spain, where he once again managed to escape and took refuge in the Kingdom of Navarre, where he was killed in battle in 1507. It is well known that Machiavelli wrote The Prince after seeing Cesare's political ability in his turbulent life full of intrigue.

Borgia
Borgia, Lucrezia

Born: April 18, 1480 in Rome
[Died] June 24, 1519. Duchess of Ferrara. Daughter of Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI). From the Borgia family. In 1493, she married Giovanni Sforza, Count of Pesaro, but her father, the Pope, annulled the marriage because he needed an alliance with Aragon, and in 1498, she remarried Alfonso, Duke of Bisceglie of the Aragonese family (17 years old). However, her brother Cesare (→Borgia, C.), who now needed an alliance with France, assassinated the Duke of Bisceglie in 1500. As a result, Lucrezia married Alfonso, Duke of Ferrara of the Este family, in 1501. After the death of her father, the Pope, in 1503, she left the political battles and became Duchess of Ferrara, where she was revered by many artists for her intelligence and beauty. Her court became the center of Italian Renaissance art.

Borgia
Borgia, Juan

[Born] 1477?
[Died] June 14, 1497.
Duke of Gandia. Son of Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI). From the Borgia family. When his father became Pope in 1492, he became Duke of Gandia in Spain with his father's authority. In 1497, he served as commander-in-chief of the Church army in a war against the Roman noble Orsini family, but was defeated. He was loved by his father and given an important position, but was assassinated by his brother Cesare (→Borgia, C.) who was jealous of this.

Borgia

Please see the Francisco de Borja page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1475/1476. イタリア，ローマ?
[没]1507. スペイン，ビアナ近郊
イタリアの政治家。ロドリーゴ・ボルジア（のちのローマ教皇アレクサンデル6世）の息子。ボルジア家の出身。1492年バレンシア大司教，1493年枢機卿，1495年オルビエト総督。1497年の弟フアンの死に関与したとみられ，この頃から政治的野心をみせ始めた。1498年枢機卿の位から降りることを宣言，同年フランス王ルイ12世からリヨン近くのバレンティノア領を授けられ，以後バレンティノア公と呼ばれた。1499年ルイ12世のいとこでナバラ（ナバール）王の妹シャルロット・ダルベールと結婚。フランスの支援を確実としたのち中部イタリアの征服を目指してイモラ，フォルリ，リミニ，ペザロ，ウルビノを次々に手中に収め，1502年にロマーニャ公の地位についた。1503年父アレクサンデル6世が突然病死し，チェーザレ自身重い病に倒れると，後任教皇ユリウス2世によって逮捕され，ロマーニャ公の称号を剥奪された。ナポリに逃れたが再び逮捕されてスペインに流刑の身となり，再度脱出に成功してナバラ王国に身を寄せたが，1507年同地で戦死。権謀術数に富んだ波乱の生涯で，マキアベリがチェーザレの政治的力量をみて『君主論』を執筆したことは有名。

ボルジア
Borgia， Lucrezia

[生]1480.4.18. ローマ
[没]1519.6.24. フェララ
フェララ公妃。ロドリーゴ・ボルジア (のちのローマ教皇アレクサンデル6世 ) の娘。ボルジア家の出身。 1493年ペーザロ伯ジョバンニ・スフォルツァと結婚したが，父教皇はアラゴンとの同盟が必要となったためこの結婚を破棄して，98年アラゴン家のビシェリエ公アルフォンソ (17歳) と再婚させた。だが兄のチェーザレ (→ボルジア，C.) が今度はフランスとの同盟が必要となって，1500年ビシェリエ公を暗殺。このためルクレツィアは 01年エステ家のフェララ公アルフォンソと結婚。 03年父である教皇の死後，政争から離れ，フェララ公妃としてその知性と美貌のゆえに多くの芸術家から敬愛された。その宮廷はイタリア・ルネサンス期の芸術の中心となった。

ボルジア
Borgia， Juan

[生]1477?
[没]1497.6.14.
ガンディア公。ロドリーゴ・ボルジア (のちのローマ教皇アレクサンデル6世 ) の息子。ボルジア家の出身。父が 1492年に教皇となると，その権威を背景にスペインのガンディア公となった。 97年ローマ貴族オルシニ家との戦いで教会軍総司令官をつとめたが敗北。父に愛され，要職を与えられたが，それをねたんだ兄チェーザレ (→ボルジア，C.) に暗殺されたとされている。