German philosopher and sociologist. Leader of the so-called Frankfurt School. He studied at Frankfurt University and other institutions, and qualified as a professor in 1925 with a thesis on Kant. In 1930, he became professor of social philosophy at Frankfurt University and headed the Institute for Social Research. During his exile in the United States from 1933 to 1949, he organized research activities through editing the institute's journal, Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung . His position was a practical "critical theory" based on his own materialism, which he contrasted with contemplative "traditional theory." From this position, he aimed to conduct joint research on modern social theory that would integrate the ideas of classical philosophy, including Kant, Hegel, and Marx, with new scientific findings in sociology, psychology, psychoanalysis, and other fields. His brilliant achievements include Authority and the Family (1936) and the Studies in Prejudice series (1949-1950), which he edited with Samuel H. Flowerman (1912-1958) in the United States, which played a groundbreaking role in the history of social sciences of the time. In his later years, he was appointed rector of the University of Frankfurt, and his criticism of modern civilization, based on Schopenhauer's pessimism and an education in German classical philosophy, had a strong influence on Adorno and others. His other works include The Corrosion of Reason (1947) and Kritische Theorie , 2nd Edition (1968). [Tokunaga Makoto] "The Corrosion of Reason, translated by Sukehiro Yamaguchi (1970, Serika Shobo)" ▽ "Critique of Instrumental Reason II, by M. Horkheimer, edited and translated by Takichi Shimizu (1970, Izara Shobo)" ▽ "The Social Function of Philosophy, by Max Horkheimer, translated by Osamu Kuno (1974, Shobunsha)" [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの哲学者、社会学者。いわゆるフランクフルト学派の指導者。フランクフルト大学などに学び、1925年カントに関する論文で教授資格を取得。1930年にフランクフルト大学の社会哲学の教授になるとともに、「社会研究所」を主宰、1933年から1949年に至るアメリカ亡命中も、同研究所の機関誌『社会研究』Zeitschrift für Sozialforschungの編集を通じて研究活動を組織する。彼の立場は、独自の唯物論に基づく実践的な「批判的理論」であり、それは観照的な「伝統的理論」に対置される。この立場から、カント、ヘーゲル、マルクスを連ねる古典哲学の理念と、社会学、心理学、精神分析などの新しい科学的成果を総合する現代社会理論の共同研究を目ざした。『権威と家族』(1936)、アメリカでフローマンSamuel H. Flowerman(1912―1958)とともに編集した『偏見の研究』Studies in Prejudiceシリーズ(1949~1950)は、その輝かしい成果であり、同時期の社会科学史に画期的な役割を演じた。晩年にはフランクフルト大学総長にも就任、ショーペンハウアーのペシミズムとドイツ古典哲学の教養に基づく近代文明批判は、アドルノらに強い影響を与えた。ほかに『理性の腐蝕(ふしょく)』(1947)、『Kritische Theorie』2Bde.(1968)などがある。 [徳永 恂] 『山口祐弘訳『理性の腐蝕』(1970・せりか書房)』▽『M・ホルクハイマー著、清水多吉編訳『道具的理性批判Ⅱ』(1970・イザラ書房)』▽『マックス・ホルクハイマー著、久野収訳『哲学の社会的機能』(1974・晶文社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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