Hojo Shigetoki

Japanese: 北条重時 - ほうじょう・しげとき

Year of death: November 3, 1261 (November 26, 1261)
Year of birth: 6/6/1198 (7/11/1198)
A military commander in the mid-to-late Kamakura period. The third son of Kamakura Shogunate regent Yoshitoki, his elder brothers were Yasutoki and Tomotoki, and his mother was the daughter of Hiki Tomomune. He was called Saburo. He served as Shuri Gon no Jo, Suruga no Kami, Sagami no Kami, and Mutsu no Kami. His posthumous Buddhist name was Kankaku. In 1219, he was appointed as the head of the newly established Kosamurai-dokoro. In 1230, he served as Rokuhara Tandai with Hojo Tokimori, and later served alone, living in Kyoto for around 18 years. During this time, Yasutoki sent a message in kana to Shigetoki, who was in charge of controlling the vassals in the western provinces, regarding the Goseibai Shikimoku (1232), which was enacted. After Tomotoki's family (the Nagoshi clan) was ousted in the Miya Sodo (1246), the regent Tokiyori defeated the Miura clan in the Hoji War (1247), and welcomed Shigetoki from Kyoto as a co-signer. After that, Tokiyori and Shigetoki, who were at the center of the shogunate government, became monks one after the other in 1256, and Shigetoki's eldest son Nagatoki became regent. He spent his later years at a villa in Gokurakuji Temple in Kamakura, and was also called Gokurakuji-dono. He served as the governor of Shinano, Wakasa, Izumi, and Sanuki. The "Rokuhara-dono Gokakunin" and "Gokurakuji-dono Goshosoku" (collectively known as the "Hojo Shigetoki Family Precepts") that he gave to Nagatoki are said to be the oldest samurai family precepts in Japan. He was friends with Fujiwara no Teika, and was a poet. Many of his descendants were also poets. The Akahashi, Tokiwa, Shiota, and Fuonji clan members became regents, associate ministers, and head of hinjuku, and served as Rokuhara and Chinzei tandai and governors of various provinces, making them important members of the Hojo clan. Many of the Saidaiji-ryu Ritsu sect temples in Kamakura, including Gokurakuji, were converted to the religion and founded by members of this clan. The grave of Shigetoki (a pagoda bearing a stupa) is located in the inner sanctuary of Gokurakuji Temple.

(Yuyama Manabu)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：弘長1.11.3(1261.11.26)
生年：建久9.6.6(1198.7.11)
鎌倉中期・後期の武将。鎌倉幕府執権義時の3男,兄に泰時,朝時,母は比企朝宗の娘。三郎と称す。修理権亮,駿河守,相模守,陸奥守。法名は観覚。承久1(1219)年に新設された小侍所の別当に補任された。寛喜2(1230)年北条時盛と六波羅探題を勤め,のち単独で在任するなど前後18年間にわたって在京した。この間に制定された「御成敗式目」(1232)について,泰時は西国の御家人統制に当たる重時に仮名消息を送っている。宮騒動(1246)で朝時の一族(名越氏)が失脚し,宝治合戦(1247)で三浦氏を討った執権時頼は,京都から重時を連署として迎えた。以後,幕政の中心にあった時頼,重時は,康元1(1256)年あいついで出家し,重時の長子長時が執権となった。晩年は鎌倉極楽寺の別業(別荘)で過ごし極楽寺殿ともいわれた。信濃,若狭,和泉,讃岐守護を歴任。長時に与えた『六波羅殿御家訓』『極楽寺殿御消息』(あわせて「北条重時家訓」といわれる)は,わが国でもっとも古い武家家訓とされる。藤原定家と親交があり,歌人であった。子孫にも歌人が多い。一族の赤橋,常葉,塩田,普恩寺各氏は,執権・連署・引付頭人となり,六波羅・鎮西両探題や諸国守護を歴任し,北条一門のうちで重きをなした。鎌倉の西大寺流律宗寺院は,極楽寺をはじめ多くはこの一族が改宗,創建した。極楽寺奥の院に伝重時の墓(宝篋印塔)がある。<参考文献>桃裕行『北条重時の家訓』

(湯山学)

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