Preservation of evidence

Japanese: 証拠保全 - しょうこほぜん
Preservation of evidence

In the Civil Procedure Code, this refers to a procedure in which the court examines evidence in advance and secures the results before the filing of a lawsuit, or after the lawsuit has been filed, and before the formal examination of evidence, when there are circumstances that would make it difficult to use the evidence later if the evidence is not examined in advance. It is initiated upon a petition, but while the lawsuit is pending, the court may, at its discretion, make a decision to preserve evidence if it deems it necessary. Preservation of evidence is permitted for all methods of evidence. If a party requests to examine a witness who has been examined in the evidence preservation procedure again during oral argument, the court must examine that witness.

Under the Code of Criminal Procedure, this refers to a procedure in which a judge, at the request of the defendant, suspect, or defense counsel, may seize, search, inspect, question witnesses, or conduct an appraisal only before the first trial date when there are circumstances that make it difficult to use evidence unless the evidence is preserved in advance.

[Ichiro Uchida]

[Reference] | Evidence examination

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

民事訴訟法では、あらかじめ証拠調べをしておかなければ、のちにその証拠を使用することが困難になる事情がある場合に、訴えの提起前、または訴訟の係属後、正規の証拠調べ前に、裁判所があらかじめ証拠調べをして、その結果を確保する手続をいう。申立てにより開始されるが、訴訟の係属中は、裁判所が必要と認めれば、職権をもって証拠保全の決定をすることができる。証拠保全はすべての証拠方法について許される。証拠保全の手続において尋問した証人について、当事者が口頭弁論においてふたたび尋問の申出をしたときは、裁判所はその尋問をしなければならない。

 刑事訴訟法では、あらかじめ証拠を保全しておかなければその証拠を使用することが困難な事情があるときに、被告人、被疑者または弁護人の請求によって、第1回公判期日前に限って、裁判官が押収、捜索、検証、証人の尋問または鑑定の処分をする手続をいう。

[内田一郎]

[参照項目] | 証拠調べ

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