… In Russia, an old aristocracy (boyarstvo) had existed since the time of Kievan Rus, but from around the 15th and 16th centuries, the dvoryanstvo, a class of small landlords who served the Grand Prince of Moscow, emerged as the pillar of the development of a centralized state. Then, with the reforms of Peter the Great in the 18th century, anyone who held a certain position specified in the official ranks could become a dvoryanin, and the boyarstvo were absorbed into the dvoryanstvo. Peter also created the new titles of count (graf) and baron (baron) in addition to the existing title of duke (knyaz'). … *Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Table of Official Ranks" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… ロシアではキエフ・ロシアの時代以来,古い貴族層(ボヤールストボboyarstvo)が存在していたが,15~16世紀ごろから,モスクワ大公に奉仕する小領主層であるドボリャンストボが,中央集権国家発展の支柱としてあらわれてきた。そして18世紀のピョートル1世の改革によって,官等表で規定された一定の職につけば,だれでもドボリャニーンになれることになり,ボヤールストボはドボリャンストボに吸収されていった。ピョートルはまた,従来からの公爵knyaz’のほかに伯爵graf,男爵baronの爵位を新設した。… ※「官等表」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
<<: "Kanto Hyojo Kaden" - Kanto Hyojo Kaden
〘Noun〙① Metals and rocks. Minerals. Used as an ana...
[raw]? [Death] 610 Byzantine Emperor (reigned 602-...
...C.S. Lewis dealt with issues of good and evil ...
…General term for birds of the Heliornithidae fam...
It is an island in the Tokara Islands in Kagoshim...
…In 1937, when Burma (now Myanmar) was elevated f...
…Gerbertus, Latin name. French clergyman and educ...
Empathy is the quality or ability to attune onesel...
A machine that artificially dries harvested grain...
A semi-evergreen shrub of the Rosaceae family (AP...
…Therefore, in the broad sense, mortar refers to ...
Usually, it is used synonymously with the shipping...
Refers to the landscape of large forests that cov...
...(d) They develop long, segmented legs that all...
…(5) Anticipation: This is the case when the harm...