Occlusion

Japanese: 吸蔵 - きゅうぞう(英語表記)occlusion
Occlusion

This refers to the phenomenon in which a gas or liquid dissolves or is absorbed into a solid. The British T. Graham coined the term in reference to the phenomenon in which hydrogen is absorbed by palladium. Hydrogen dissolves into the crystal lattice of palladium, forming a solid solution called PdH 0.6 . Occlusion is also the phenomenon in which water from the mother liquor enters as bubbles when growing crystals from a solution, or when gas is trapped in the product during a solid-state reaction.

[Toshihisa Yoshida]

Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen forms hydrides with almost all elements. Metal hydrides in particular have the function of converting the chemical energy of hydrogen into heat, mechanical, electrical, and other energy and storing it, so they are expected to be used in a wide range of applications. MgH2 and LaNi5H6 , for example , show high hydrogen dissociation pressure at room temperature, have the ability to reversibly absorb and release hydrogen, and have the ability to selectively absorb and store it, making them useful as hydrogen purification media. From the standpoint of clean energy, hydrogen storage alloys that contain a large amount of absorbed hydrogen have long been considered for storing hydrogen as fuel for fuel cells, and as anode materials for fuel cells. Since the 1990s, high-efficiency hydrogen storage using carbon-based materials, which are characterized by their light weight and low cost, has been attracting attention.

[Toshihisa Yoshida]

"Hydrogen Storage Alloys" by Takashi Kato and Takazumi Shimizu (1990, Fuyukisha) " The Story of Hydrogen Storage Alloys" by Keizo Onishi, revised edition (2003, Japan Standards Association)

[References] | Absorption | Graham | Solid solution | Hydrogen | Metal for hydrogen storage | Fuel cells | Palladium | Dissolution

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

気体や液体が固体中に溶解あるいは吸収される現象をいう。イギリスのT・グレアムが、パラジウムに水素が吸収される現象に対して名づけた。水素はパラジウムの結晶格子内に溶け込んで、PdH0.6という固溶体を形成している。結晶を溶液から成長させるときも、母液の水が泡として入ったり、固体反応で生成物中に気体が閉じ込められることなども吸蔵という。

[吉田俊久]

吸蔵水素

水素はほとんどすべての元素と水素化物をつくる。とくに金属水素化物は水素のもつ化学エネルギーを熱、機械、電気などのエネルギーに変換して貯蔵する機能も果たすので、多方面での応用が期待されている。MgH2やLaNi5H6などは常温で高い水素解離圧を示し、水素の可逆的吸放出性があり、また選択的吸蔵性をもつので、水素精製媒体として役だっている。クリーンエネルギーの立場から、燃料電池の燃料としての水素を貯蔵するため、さらに燃料電池の負極材料として、吸蔵水素を多量に含む水素貯蔵合金が昔から検討されてきた。1990年代ごろから、軽量かつ安価の特徴をもつ炭素系材料による高効率水素貯蔵が注目されている。

[吉田俊久]

『加藤剛志・清水孝純著『水素吸蔵合金』(1990・冬樹社)』『大西敬三著『水素吸蔵合金のおはなし』改訂版(2003・日本規格協会)』

[参照項目] | 吸収 | グレアム | 固溶体 | 水素 | 水素貯蔵用金属 | 燃料電池 | パラジウム | 溶解

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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