Subjective activeness (English spelling)

Japanese: 主観能動性 - しゅかんのうどうせい（英語表記）zhǔ guān néng dòng xìng

In China, it refers to the reaction of human subjective consciousness and activities to the objective world. Translated into English as subjective activity or subjective initiative. According to Marxism, human consciousness and activities are determined by material conditions and objective laws, but through accurate understanding of these (the unity of practice and understanding), one can fully exert subjective effort, or initiative, within permissible limits and promote the transformation of the objective world. Mao Zedong particularly emphasized the importance of this action, and since his 1938 essay On Protracted War (then called "Subjective Initiative"), it has been one of the characteristics of his thought and philosophy, and has laid the foundation for revolutionary leadership that places the "human element" first.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国で，人間の主観的意識と活動の客観世界に対する反作用をいう。subjective activityあるいはsubjective initiativeと英訳。マルクス主義によれば人間の意識･活動は物質的条件と客観法則に規定されるが，それらへの正確な認識(実践と認識の統一)を通じて，許容される限度のなかで主観的努力すなわち能動性を十分に発揮し，客観世界の改造を促すことができる。この作用の重要性をとくに強調したのは毛沢東で，1938年の論文〈論持久戦〉(当時は〈自覚的能動性〉と呼んだ)以来，彼の思想，哲学の一つの特徴をなし，〈人の要素〉を第一とする革命指導を基礎づけた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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