English poet. Born in London as the only son of a Catholic linen merchant. At the time, Catholics were socially ostracized in England, and he was sickly from an early age, which led to his anti-worldly personality and his desire to become a poet from an early age. Among his early works, he is famous for "Descriptions" (1711), "The Rape of the Hair" (1712), and "Windsor Forest" (1713), of which "The Rape of the Hair" is a rare masterpiece in the history of English literature. In his middle period, he translated Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey" into English, and edited and published "The Complete Works of Shakespeare," so he took a break from writing, but in his later years he showed a strong desire to create again. "The Lives of Fools" (1728-1743) is a scathing denunciation of the decadence of the literary world at the time, and together with "Imitations of the Horaces" (1733-1738), which imitates the satires of Horace, Pope's skills as a satirist were fully demonstrated. "Moral Treatises" (1731-1735) and "An Essay on Man" (1733-1734) are each composed of four epistolary poems, and express Pope's thoughts on moral issues, philosophy, religion, and so on. Words such as "Education forms a common mind" in the former and "Know thyself; attempt not to fathom the will of God; man's study should rest on man" in the latter are still frequently quoted today. His ideas may not necessarily be said to be original, but his skill in freely using a poetic form known as the heroic couplet to express content that falls within the realm of prose is easily unmatched. [Mikoshi Member 3] "Literary Criticism" by Natsume Soseki (Soseki Complete Works 19, 1957, Iwanami Shoten) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの詩人。リンネル商の旧教徒のひとり息子としてロンドンに生まれる。当時イギリスでは旧教徒は社会的に疎外されていたうえに、子供のころから病弱であったことなどが加わって反俗的な性格を形づくり、早くから詩人たらんと志した。初期の作品のなかでは、『批評論』(1711)、『毛髪掠奪(りゃくだつ)』(1712)、『ウインザーの森』(1713)などが有名であり、なかでも『毛髪掠奪』は英文学史のなかでも類(たぐい)まれな傑作である。中期にはホメロスの『イリアス』『オデュッセイア』を英訳し、また『シェークスピア全集』の編集刊行にあたるなど、創作からはやや遠ざかっていたが、後期に入るとふたたび旺盛(おうせい)な制作欲を示す。『愚物列伝』(1728~1743)は当時の文壇の堕落を痛烈に弾劾した作品で、ホラティウスの風刺詩などを模した『ホラティウス模作』(1733~1738)とともに、風刺詩人としての彼の面目を遺憾なく発揮したものである。『道徳論』(1731~1735)および『人間論』(1733~1734)は、それぞれ四編の書簡詩からなり、道徳問題や哲学、宗教などに関するポープの感懐が語られている。前者にみえる「教育は平凡な精神を形成する」とか、後者の「汝(なんじ)自身を知れ。神意を測ろうなどとするな。人間の研究対象は人間にとどむべきである」などということばは、現在でもしばしば引用される。思想的にはかならずしも独創性があるとはいえないかもしれないが、むしろ散文の領域に属する内容を、英雄詩的二行連句とよばれる詩形を自在に駆使して語るその技量には、容易に他の追随を許さぬものがある。 [御輿員三] 『夏目漱石著『文學評論』(『漱石全集19』1957・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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