An inscription engraved on a tombstone to commemorate the deceased. It is generally concise and often expressive. The oldest examples date back to ancient Egypt, but the most excellent, deeply emotional poems were from ancient Greece, and reached their peak in Simonides in the form of epigrams. In the Roman period, many were merely factual descriptions, and the catchphrase "May the earth be light upon thee" was used for a long time. From around the 13th and 14th centuries, they began to be written in various languages instead of Latin, and Shakespeare's is famous. The Latin words "Cor Cordium" (Heart of Hearts) are engraved on the tomb of the Romantic Shelley, and Keats's "Here lies he whose name is written on the water" and Yeats's "Cast a cold eye/To life and death/Go, rider" are also well known. In China, epitaphs are placed inside the tomb. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
墓碑に刻んで故人を記念する銘文。一般に簡潔で奇警な表現のものが多い。最古のものは古代エジプトにまでさかのぼるが,深い感情を盛った詩文を付して,すぐれた表現となっているのは古代ギリシアのもので,エピグラムの形式により,シモニデスにおいて頂点に達した。ローマ時代には事実の記述にとどまるものが多く,決り文句として「なんじの上に土の軽からんことを」が長く用いられた。 13~14世紀頃からラテン語に代って各国語で書かれるようになり,シェークスピアのものなどが有名。ロマン派のシェリーの墓にはラテン語の"Cor Cordium" (Heart of Hearts) の文字が刻まれ,キーツの「水の上にその名を書かれしもの,ここに眠る」,イェーツの「冷たい目を投げよ/生にも死にも/行け,騎馬の人」もよく知られる。中国では墓中に納められる墓誌が行われる。
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