Hip joint

Japanese: 股関節 - こかんせつ
Hip joint

The joint that connects the trunk and lower limbs is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the acetabulum, which is like a socket in the pelvis, and the spherical head of the femur. It is strongly reinforced by the strong iliofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, and round ligament within the joint. Because it is a ball-and-socket joint, it has many types of movement, including flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation, and swinging, and can move in all directions. The basic position when expressing limb position and range of movement as an angle is 0 degrees (0°). The basic position is the position when standing upright on tiptoes. Hip joint diseases are directly linked to walking disorders. Congenital dislocation occurs most frequently in the hip joint (congenital hip dislocation). Trauma to the hip joint includes traumatic dislocation, femoral neck fracture, and proximal femoral epiphyseal separation. Femoral neck fractures are common in the elderly, and are also commonly encountered in diseases such as hip arthritis, Perthes disease in children, and osteoarthritis of the hip, which is common among the elderly.

[Takashi Nagai]

[References] | Congenital dislocation of the hip | Perthes' disease

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

体幹と下肢とを連絡する関節で、骨盤の臼(うす)のような寛骨臼(かんこつきゅう)と大腿骨(だいたいこつ)の球形の大腿骨頭とのなす球関節である。強力な腸骨大腿靭帯(じんたい)、坐骨(ざこつ)大腿靭帯、恥骨大腿靭帯および関節内の円靭帯によって強固に補強されている。球関節のため運動の種類が多く、屈伸、内外転、内外旋およびぶん回し運動があり、あらゆる方向に動く。肢位、運動範囲を角度で表す場合の基本肢位を0度(0゜)とする。基本肢位は、つまさきをつけて直立したときの肢位である。股関節の疾患は歩行障害に直結する。先天性脱臼は股関節にもっとも多く発生する(先天性股関節脱臼)。股関節部の外傷としては、外傷性脱臼、大腿骨頸部(けいぶ)骨折、大腿骨近位骨端線離開などがある。大腿骨頸部骨折は、老人にしばしばみられる骨折である。また疾患としては、股関節炎、小児のペルテス病、高年者に多い変形性股関節症などが、日常遭遇するものである。

[永井 隆]

[参照項目] | 先天性股関節脱臼 | ペルテス病

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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