Salt-brown rose - Salt-brown rose

Japanese: サルトリイバラ - さるとりいばら

A deciduous vine of the Liliaceae family (APG classification: Sarcocarpaceae). It grows to 2-3 meters tall. The underground stem is hard and curved, lying underground. The stem is green and hard, with sparse thorns, and curves at each node. The leaves are alternate, oval or elliptical, 3-12 cm long, with 3-5 veins on the entire edge, and are thick and glossy. The tips of the stipules attached to the petioles become a pair of tendrils that wrap around other plants. Dioecious. In April and May, small pale yellow-green flowers bloom along with the new leaves, and many of them grow together in an umbel. There are six perianths, the upper half of which is curved back, and the male flowers have six stamens and the female flowers have a three-lobed ovary. The fruits are spherical, 7-9 mm in diameter, and ripen red in October and November. It grows commonly in the mountains and fields throughout Japan, and is also found in the Korean Peninsula, China, Indochina, the Philippines, and other places. In western Japan, mochi (rice cakes) are wrapped in its leaves instead of oak leaves. Branches with red berries are used in flower arrangements. Its name is "monkey-catching thorns," meaning that monkeys get caught in the thorns of the stem. A variety, Rosa arborescens Okinawa, is found in Okinawa and has large leaves with few thorns, while Rosa arborescens Tokiwa is found on the Ogasawara Islands and has evergreen leaves.

The closely related Himekakara has small leaves measuring 0.5-1.5cm in length and is found on Yakushima and Amami Oshima, while the variant Sarumame has slightly larger leaves measuring 2-4cm in length and is found in Honshu west of the Kanto region and in China, both of which produce red ripened fruits. Satsuma Sankirai is found in southern Kyushu and south of Okinawa, while Yamakashu (Yamagashū) and Marubasankirai, which have many thorns on their stems, grow in the mountains from Honshu to Kyushu, and both produce black fruits.

[Yoshio Kobayashi November 19, 2018]

Medicinal

In Japan, the rhizome is called Sankirai and is used as a diuretic, antipyretic, detoxifying and blood purifying agent to treat cystitis, syphilis, leukemia and swelling. It is thought to be a corrupted reading of Sen'iryo, and in China the rhizome is usually called Dobukuryo. The original plant of Dobukuryo is S. glabra Roxb., commonly known as Sankirai, which is distributed in central and southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Myanmar (Burma) and India, but unlike S. glabra, it has no thorns, lanceolate leaves, white flowers and dark blue fruits. The medicinal properties of the rhizome are the same as those of S. glabra.

[Motoo Nagasawa November 19, 2018]

[Reference] | Yamagashu

Salvia serrata
The stems bend at each node, and the leaves are oval or elliptical. The tips of the stipules attached to the petioles become a pair of tendrils that wrap around other plants. The rhizomes are used for medicinal purposes. ©Seishohmaru ">

Salvia serrata

Female flower of Sartoriibara
In April and May, small pale yellow-green flowers bloom along with the new leaves, forming an umbel. The flower has six petals, the upper half of which curls back, and the stigma is divided into three. ©Seishohmaru ">

Female flower of Sartoriibara

Sarmiento fruit
It is spherical, measuring 7-9 mm in diameter, and ripens red in October and November. It is often used in flower arrangements. ©Shogakukan Photo by Okuyama Hisashi ">

Sarmiento fruit

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ユリ科（APG分類：サルトリイバラ科）の落葉藤本(とうほん)（つる植物）。高さ2～3メートル。地下茎は質が硬く、屈曲して地中に横たわる。茎は緑色で硬く、まばらに刺(とげ)があり、節ごとに曲がる。葉は互生し、卵円形ないし楕円(だえん)形で長さ3～12センチメートル、全縁で3～5脈があり、質は厚く光沢がある。葉柄に沿着した托葉(たくよう)の先が1対の巻きひげとなり、他物に巻き付く。雌雄異株。4～5月、新葉とともに淡黄緑色の小花を開き、散形花序になって多数集まる。花被片(かひへん)は6枚で上半が反り返り、雄花には雄しべ6本、雌花には3室の子房がある。果実は球形、径7～9ミリメートルで10～11月に赤く熟す。日本全土の山野に普通に生え、朝鮮半島、中国、インドシナ、フィリピンなどに分布する。西日本ではカシワのかわりに葉で餅(もち)を包む。赤い果実のついた枝をいけ花に使う。名は「猿捕り茨(いばら)」で、茎の刺にサルがひっかかるとの意味である。変種のオキナワサルトリイバラは沖縄に分布し、葉が大形で刺が少なく、トキワサルトリイバラは小笠原(おがさわら)諸島にあり、葉が常緑である。

　近縁種のヒメカカラは葉が小形で長さ0.5～1.5センチメートルで、屋久(やく)島、奄美(あまみ)大島に分布し、変種のサルマメは葉がやや大きく、長さ2～4センチメートルあり、関東地方以西の本州および中国に分布し、いずれも果実は赤く熟する。サツマサンキライは九州南部、沖縄以南に分布し、茎に刺の多いヤマカシュウ（ヤマガシュウ）とマルバサンキライは本州から九州にかけての山地に生え、ともに果実は黒くなる。

［小林義雄　2018年11月19日］

薬用

日本では根茎を山帰来(さんきらい)と称し、利尿、解熱、解毒、浄血剤として、膀胱(ぼうこう)炎、梅毒、こしけ、腫(は)れ物などの治療に用いる。仙遺粮(せんいりょう)の読みの訛(なま)りであると思われ、中国では根茎を土茯苓(どぶくりょう)というのが普通である。土茯苓の原植物はナメラサンキライ（一般にはサンキライと称する）S. glabra Roxb.で、中国の中南部、台湾、ベトナム、ミャンマー（ビルマ）、インドに分布するが、サルトリイバラと違う点は刺がなく、葉は披針(ひしん)形、花は白色、果実は暗青色である。根茎の薬効はサルトリイバラと同じである。

［長沢元夫　2018年11月19日］

[参照項目] | ヤマガシュウ

サルトリイバラ

サルトリイバラの雌花

サルトリイバラの果実

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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