Marburg Disease

Japanese: マールブルグ病 - まーるぶるぐびょう(英語表記)Marburg Disease
Marburg Disease
[What kind of disease is it?]
It is a malignant infectious disease caused by a virus, and was named after an outbreak that occurred in 1965 at a research institute in Marburg, West Germany, after it was transmitted by monkeys imported from Africa, but it is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The virus is thought to be carried by rodents.
Infection occurs mainly through small wounds in the skin, but it can also spread by droplets from a sick person.
[Symptoms]
The incubation period is 4 to 9 days. Symptoms include sudden high fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
From the end of the first week of illness, a rash resembling non-itchy spots or papules begins on the face and buttocks and spreads throughout the body.
During the second week of illness, symptoms such as liver damage, bleeding tendencies, and kidney failure occur, and approximately 20% of people die.
[Treatment]
Injections of plasma from people who are recovering from the disease are effective.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 ウイルス感染による悪性の伝染病で、1965年、西ドイツのマールブルグ市の研究所でアフリカから輸入したサルから伝染して集団発生したので、この病名で呼ばれていますが、常在地は、サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ諸国です。ウイルスは、齧歯類(げっしるい)が保有しているとみられています。
 皮膚の小さな傷からの感染が主ですが、病人からの飛沫感染(ひまつかんせん)もあります。
[症状]
 潜伏期間は4~9日です。急に高熱、頭痛、筋肉痛、嘔吐(おうと)、下痢(げり)などがおこります。
 第1病週の末から、かゆみのない斑(はん)や丘疹(きゅうしん)のような発疹(ほっしん)が、顔、臀部(でんぶ)から始まり全身に広がります。
 第2病週には、肝障害、出血傾向、腎不全(じんふぜん)などが生じて、約20%の人が死亡します。
[治療]
 この病気の回復期にある人の血漿(けっしょう)の注射が有効です。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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