Gallic acid

Japanese: 没食子酸 - ぼっしょくしさん(英語表記)gallic acid
Gallic acid

An aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid. Also known as "Mosshokushi-san." Also known as pyrogallol-5-carboxylic acid and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. Molecular formula: C 7 H 6 O 5 , molecular weight: 188.1.

It is distributed in the leaves, stems, roots, and galls of plants, either in a free state or as a component of tannin. Galls are obtained from galls caused by Japanese hornet on the young shoots of Fagaceae plants, while galls are obtained from galls caused by aphids on the young shoots and leaves of Sugarcane, a plant of the Anacardiaceae family. They are used as dried products in traditional Chinese medicine. It is a colorless columnar crystal obtained by hydrolysis of tannin, and contains one molecule of water of crystallization, but loses water of crystallization at around 120°C. It decomposes at its melting point (258-265°C) to pyrogallol and carbon dioxide ( see figure ). It dissolves well in water, and when an aqueous solution of iron(III) salt is added, a blue-black precipitate forms. It is a strong reducing agent. It is used as a raw material for tannin and for the production of blue ink, as well as a photographic developer, a raw material for dyes, and a hemostatic agent.

[Masahiro Hirota February 17, 2016]

[References] | Tannins | Hydroxycarboxylic acids | Pyrogallol
Reaction of gallic acid (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Reaction of gallic acid (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

芳香族ヒドロキシカルボン酸の一つ。「もっしょくしさん」ともいわれる。別名はピロガロール-5-カルボン酸、3,4,5-トリヒドロキシ安息香酸。分子式C7H6O5、分子量188.1。

 植物の葉、茎、根、および没食子、五倍子(ごばいし)の虫こぶなどに遊離の状態またはタンニンの構成成分として分布している。没食子はブナ科植物の若芽のモッショクシバチによる虫こぶから、五倍子はウルシ科植物ヌルデの若芽や葉のアブラムシによる虫こぶから得られ、乾物として漢方薬などに使われている。タンニンを加水分解して得られる無色の柱状結晶で、1分子の結晶水を含むが120℃付近で結晶水を失う。融点(258~265℃)において分解し、ピロガロールと二酸化炭素になる()。水によく溶け、鉄(Ⅲ)塩水溶液を加えると青黒色の沈殿を生ずる。強力な還元剤である。タンニンの原料、青インキの製造に使われるほか、写真現像剤、染料の原料、止血剤としての用途ももつ。

[廣田 穰 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | タンニン | ヒドロキシカルボン酸 | ピロガロール
没食子酸の反応〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

没食子酸の反応〔図〕


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