Bosch

Japanese: ボッシュ
Bosch
A company that develops, manufactures, and sells automobile-related equipment and parts such as fuel injection systems and braking systems (brakes), as well as power tools. As a core company of the Bosch Group in Japan, it is part of the group with related companies such as hydraulic equipment and packaging machine manufacturers, and is also under the umbrella of the Bosch Group in Germany. In 1911, German automobile parts manufacturer Robert Bosch signed an agency contract for the sale and repair of its products in Japan, and the following year, in 1912, opened a repair factory in Yokohama. In 1939, with technical assistance from Robert Bosch and investments from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Tokyo Automobile Industry Co., Ltd. (→Isuzu Motors), Diesel Machinery Co., Ltd. (renamed Zexel in 1990), a manufacturer of diesel engine accessories, was established. It developed along with the expansion of demand due to motorization after World War II. In 1955, the brake booster business was separated from Diesel Machinery to establish Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd. In 1972, Robert Bosch Japan (renamed Bosch in 1985) was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of Robert Bosch. In 1999, Bosch, automotive equipment, Zexel (renamed Bosch Automotive Systems in 2000), and two other companies merged their passenger car brake businesses to establish Bosch Brake Systems. In 2002, Bosch Automotive Systems, Bosch Brake Systems, and Bosch Electronics (established in 1992 by Zexel and Bosch) merged with Bosch Automotive Systems as the surviving company. In 2005, Bosch and Bosch Automotive Systems merged with the latter as the surviving company, and the company changed its name to Bosch. In 2008, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Robert Bosch.

Bosch
Bosch, Carl

Born: August 27, 1874 in Cologne
Died: April 26, 1940. Heidelberg. German industrial chemist. He studied organic chemistry at the University of Leipzig, receiving his degree in 1898. In 1894 he studied industrial technology in Charlottenburg, where he gained experience in field work. He joined Badische Aniline und Soder Fabrik (later E.G. Farben, now BASF), becoming its president in 1919. In 1913 he succeeded in commercializing the Haber process, which produces ammonia by synthesizing hydrogen and nitrogen under high pressure using a catalyst (→ Haber-Bosch process). He also discovered the Bosch process, a method of producing hydrogen on a large scale by passing a mixture of water vapor and water gas through a metal catalyst under high pressure. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with F. Bergius for his research into high-pressure chemistry.

Bosch
Bosch, Hieronymus

Born: 1450, 's-Hertogenbosch
Died: August 9, 1516. 's-Hertogenbosch Dutch painter. His real name was Hieronymus van Aeken. Bosch is derived from Bosch the Virgin (the Dutch pronunciation of Bosch). Although much about his life is unknown, he is thought to have been the grandson of local painter Jan van Aeken, and left behind around 40 works in his lifetime. His early works include The Seven Deadly Sins (Prado Museum) and The Treatment of Fools (same museum), and from his middle period (c. 1485-c. 1505) he painted The Hay Cart (same museum), The Garden of Earthly Delights (same museum), and The Crowning of Thorns (National Gallery and Prado Museum, London). With clear colors and detailed depictions, he painted half-animal, half-plant, half-mechanical humans, as well as strange and fantastical scenes.

Bosch
Bosch, Juan

Born: June 30, 1909 in La Vega
Died November 1, 2001. Santo Domingo Dominican Republic politician. After the assassination of dictator R. Trujillo Molina on May 30, 1961, he returned to the country after 20 years of exile and began active politics as the leader of the Dominican Revolutionary Party. In December 1962, he was elected in the presidential election held for the first time in 38 years, and took office the following February 1963, but was ousted in a military coup on September 25 of the same year. In 1965, the reformist faction of the military launched a rebellion (Dominican Crisis) to restore Bosch to power, but it was thwarted by the intervention of the Organization of American States (OAS). The election that year was defeated. In 1973, he left the Dominican Revolutionary Party. He ran as the leader of the Dominican Liberation Party in the general elections of 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1990, but was defeated all of them.

Bosch
Bosch (Bos), Cornelis

[Born] Around 1510
[Dead]?
Dutch painter and printmaker, active mainly in Rome, who produced Mannerist-style works and made prints from oil paintings by Raphael and G. Romano.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
燃料噴射装置や制動装置(ブレーキ)など自動車関連機器や部品および電動工具の開発,製造,販売を手がける企業。日本のボッシュ・グループの中核企業として油圧機器,包装機械メーカー等の関係会社とともにグループを構成,またドイツのボッシュ・グループの傘下にある。1911年ドイツの自動車部品メーカー,ロバート・ボッシュが日本で同社製品の販売・修理の代理店契約を締結,翌 1912年横浜に修理工場を開設。1939年ロバート・ボッシュの技術援助と三菱重工業,東京自動車工業(→いすゞ自動車)の出資を得て,ディーゼルエンジン付属機器メーカーのヂーゼル機器(1990ゼクセルに社名変更)が設立。第2次世界大戦後のモータリゼーションによる需要拡大とともに発展した。1955年ヂーゼル機器からブレーキ倍力装置事業を分離,自動車機器を設立。1972年ロバート・ボッシュの 100%出資子会社,ロバート・ボッシュ・ジャパン(1985ボッシュに社名変更)が設立。1999年ボッシュ,自動車機器,ゼクセル(2000ボッシュオートモーティブシステムに社名変更),ほか 2社が乗用車用ブレーキ事業を統合し,ボッシュブレーキシステムを設立。2002年ボッシュオートモーティブシステム,ボッシュブレーキシステム,ボッシュエレクトロニクス(1992ゼクセルとボッシュが設立)が,ボッシュオートモーティブシステムを存続会社として合併。2005年ボッシュとボッシュオートモーティブシステムが後者を存続会社として合併,同時に社名をボッシュと改める。2008年ロバート・ボッシュの完全子会社となる。

ボッシュ
Bosch, Carl

[生]1874.8.27. ケルン
[没]1940.4.26. ハイデルベルク
ドイツの工業化学者。ライプチヒ大学で有機化学を専攻し,1898年学位を得た。 94年シャルロッテンブルクで工業技術を学び,現場作業の経験をした。バーディシェ・アニリン・ウント・ソーダ・ファブリーク (のちのイー・ゲー・ファルベン社,現バスフ社) に入社,1919年社長となった。 1913年高圧下で触媒を使って水素と窒素を合成させてアンモニアをつくるハーバー法の工業化に成功 (→ハーバー=ボッシュ法 ) 。さらに,水蒸気と水性ガスの混合物を高圧下で金属触媒に通して,水素を大規模に生産するボッシュ法を発見。 31年高圧化学の研究に対して F.ベルギウスとともにノーベル化学賞を受賞した。

ボッシュ
Bosch, Hieronymus

[生]1450頃. セルトヘンボス
[没]1516.8.9. セルトヘンボス
オランダの画家。本名 Hieronymus van Aeken。ボッシュは生地ボス (ボッシュのオランダ読み) に由来する。その生涯については不明な点が多いが,おそらく地方画家のヤン・ファン・アーケンの孫と考えられ,生涯に 40点ほどの作品を残した。作品は初期の『七つの大罪』 (プラド美術館) ,『馬鹿の治療』 (同) ,中期 (1485頃~1505頃) の『干し草の車』 (同) ,『悦楽の園』 (同) ,『いばらの戴冠』 (ロンドン,ナショナル・ギャラリーおよびプラド美術館) など。透明な色彩と細密な描写で,半動物,半植物,半機械的な人間や,不思議な幻想的情景を描いた。

ボッシュ
Bosch, Juan

[生]1909.6.30. ラベガ
[没]2001.11.1. サントドミンゴ
ドミニカ共和国の政治家。 1961年5月 30日独裁者 R.トルヒーヨ・モリナが暗殺されたのち,20年間にわたる海外亡命から帰国,ドミニカ革命党の党首として活発な政治活動を開始。 62年 12月に 38年ぶりに行われた大統領選挙で当選,翌 63年2月大統領に就任したが,同年9月 25日軍部クーデターで追放された。 65年軍部の革新派がボッシュの復権を目指して反乱 (ドミニカ危機 ) を起したが,米州機構 OASの介入で挫折。同年の選挙は敗北した。 73年ドミニカ革命党離党。 78,82,86,90年総選挙にドミニカ解放党を率いて出馬,いずれも落選した。

ボッシュ
Bosch(Bos), Cornelis

[生]1510頃
[没]?
オランダの画家,版画家。主としてローマで活躍。マニエリスム風な作品を手がけた。またラファエロや G.ロマーノの油絵から版画を制作した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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