[What kind of disease is it?] A gastrolith is a type of foreign body in the stomach, either a stone or a stone-like solid object. Ingested food components or foreign bodies turn into stones in the stomach due to chemical and physical changes. There are various types of bezoars, such as persimmon bezoars, which occur when eating a large number of oysters on an empty stomach, comfrey bezoars, which are caused by comfrey (a type of plant), fibrous bezoars, which are caused by vegetable or fruit fiber or seaweed, and trichobezoars, which are found in people who have a habit of swallowing hair. Persimmon bezoars form quickly and can also form in healthy stomachs, but other plant bezoars are more likely to form in cases of reduced gastric motility or impaired gastric emptying, such as in the remnant stomach after gastrectomy, diabetic neuropathy, or gastric cancer. Persimmon bezoars in particular cause acute symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal pain, and a mobile lump (tumor) is felt in the upper abdomen. Bezoars may also be found in stool or vomit. Bezoars can also damage the stomach mucosa, causing erosions and ulcers. Other than persimmon bezoar, symptoms are asymptomatic or mild and chronic. [Testing and diagnosis] It is important to ask about the patient's history of eating oysters, their tendency to swallow hair, etc. Diagnosis is made with plain abdominal X-rays, abdominal ultrasound, upper gastrointestinal X-rays, and endoscopy. [Treatment] In an attempt to dissolve and reduce the size of bezoars, gastric lavage, sodium bicarbonate preparations, papain preparations, and degrading enzyme preparations are used. Recently, it has become common to use an endoscope to break up gastroliths with a biopsy forceps and expel them as small pieces through the duodenum to the anal side, or to retrieve them via an endoscope. If it is impossible to expel or retrieve the bezoar, or if it is large and causes intestinal obstruction, surgery is required. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 胃石とは、胃内の異物の1つで、胃にある石、あるいは、石のように硬いものをいいます。摂取した食物成分や異物が、胃内で化学的・物理的変化のために結石化します。 空腹時にカキを大量に食べて生じる柿胃石(かきいせき)、コンフリー(ヒレハリソウ=植物の一種)によるコンフリー胃石(いせき)、野菜や果実の繊維、海藻類などによる線維胃石(せんいいせき)、毛髪を飲み込む癖のある人にみられる毛髪胃石(もうはついせき)などがあります。 柿胃石は、形成が速く健常な胃内にも形成されますが、ほかの植物胃石(しょくぶついせき)は、胃切除後の残胃(ざんい)、糖尿病性神経症、胃がんなど、胃運動の低下や胃排出障害のある場合に形成されやすくなります。 とくに柿胃石は、吐(は)き気(け)・嘔吐(おうと)、上腹部痛などの急性症状を現わし、上腹部に移動性のしこり(腫瘤(しゅりゅう))をふれます。便や吐物(とぶつ)に胃石がまじることもあります。また、胃石によって胃粘膜(いねんまく)が傷つき、びらん(ただれ)や潰瘍(かいよう)となることがあります。 柿胃石以外では、無症状、あるいは軽度の症状で、慢性的です。 [検査と診断] カキを食べたことや、毛髪を飲み込む癖などを聞き出す問診が重要です。腹部単純X線検査、腹部超音波検査、上部消化管X線検査、内視鏡検査などで診断します。 [治療] 胃石を溶解して縮小させる試みとして、胃洗浄、炭酸水素ナトリウム剤、パパイン製剤、分解酵素剤(ぶんかいこうそざい)などが使用されます。 最近では、内視鏡を用いて生検鉗子(せいけんかんし)で胃石を破砕し、小片として十二指腸(じゅうにしちょう)より肛側(こうそく)へ排出させるか、内視鏡を介して回収することが多く行なわれます。 胃石の排出や回収が不可能な場合や、大きくて腸閉塞(ちょうへいそく)をおこした場合には、外科的手術となります。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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