Kingdom of Bosporos

Japanese: ボスポロス王国 - ボスポロスおうこく（英語表記）Kingdom of Bosporos

An ancient kingdom in the Kerch Strait region, which connects the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Many Greek cities were founded in this region, called Bosporus-Cimmeria, in the 7th and 6th centuries, and were united by Spartocus, the tyrant of Panchkapaeion (now Kerch, Ukraine), to form the kingdom in 438 BC. Until the 4th century BC, the kingdom controlled the Black Sea and prospered by exporting grain, fish, and slaves mainly to Athens. The monarchy continued into the Hellenistic period, but from the mid-3rd century BC, it declined due to civil wars and oppression by the Scythians, and around 110 BC, the royal family was destroyed and the kingdom was absorbed under the rule of Mithradates VI, king of Pontus. A new dynasty was established in the 1st century and survived for 300 years under the protection of the Roman Empire. After 342, it was temporarily ruled by other countries, but became part of the Byzantine Empire. Although it was far from the Aegean Sea, it was a unique place in that it maintained Greek culture through the labor of indigenous serfs.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アゾフ海と黒海を結ぶケルチ海峡地方の古代王国。ボスポロス＝キンメリオスと呼ばれたこの地方に，前7～6世紀多くのギリシア都市が建設され，それらがパンチカパイオン (現ウクライナのケルチ) の僭主スパルトコスによって統合されて前 438年に王国が成立した。前4世紀まで黒海を制圧，主としてアテネに穀物，魚，奴隷を輸出して繁栄をきわめた。ヘレニズム時代にいたっても王制は存続したが，前3世紀中頃から内乱やスキタイの圧迫によって衰退，前 110年頃王家は滅亡し，王国はポントスの王ミトラダテス6世の支配下に吸収された。1世紀に成立した新王朝はローマ帝国の保護の下で 300年間存続した。 342年以降，一時他国の支配を受けたが，ビザンチン帝国領となった。エーゲ海から遠くへだたっていたが，先住民農奴の労働のうえにギリシア文化を維持した特異な存在であった。

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