This enzyme phosphorylates the α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate. It is widely distributed in the living world, but the most commonly used materials are animal tissues such as liver, muscle, and heart, as well as potato tubers, sweet potato tubers, seeds, and yeast. There are two types of enzyme in animal sources: a and b. The a type is active and is a tetramer with one molecule of pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B 6 phosphate), each of which is bound to one phosphate, but is converted to b type by phosphorylase phosphatase. This dissociates into dimers, and the phosphate is released to become an inactive type. If the b type is phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase and adenosine triphosphate, it will return to a type. The one extracted and crystallized from potato tubers does not contain either a or b type, but each molecule is bound to two molecules of pyridoxal phosphate. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
デンプンやグリコーゲンのα-1,4-グリコシド結合を加リン酸分解してグルコース-1-リン酸とする酵素。生物界に広く分布するが,よく用いられる材料は肝臓,筋肉,心臓などの動物組織およびジャガイモの塊茎,サツマイモの塊根,種子や酵母などである。動物のものにはa型とb型がある。a型は活性があり,それぞれ1分子のピリドキサルリン酸 (ビタミン B6 リン酸) をもつ4量体で,それぞれには1個ずつのリン酸が結合しているが,ホスホリラーゼホスファターゼによりb型となる。これは2量体ずつに解離したもので,リン酸は離れて不活性型となる。b型がホスホリラーゼキナーゼとアデノシン三リン酸とによってリン酸化されれば再びa型に戻る。ジャガイモの塊茎から抽出結晶化されたものにはa,b両型はないが,1分子あたり2分子のピリドキサルリン酸を結合している。
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