Bogomils - Bogomil is (English spelling)

Japanese: ボゴミル派 - ぼごみるは(英語表記)Bogomils
Bogomils - Bogomil is (English spelling)

A dualistic Christian heresy that spread in the Balkans and Asia Minor after the 10th century, influenced by Manichaeism through the Thracian Paulists. Its name comes from its founder, Bogomil (the Bulgarian translation of the Greek Theophilus, meaning "friend of God"). He preached that a truly Christian life was one that involved detachment from the secular world, rejection of extravagant church ceremonies, and the renunciation of property and power, and gained a wide following from the nobility to the peasants around Philippopolis in Macedonia. In 1118, the leaders of the Constantinople area were burned at the stake by the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I (reigned 1081-1118), and in 1140, a church council ordered the destruction of their books. It is said that after the severe oppression of Manuel I (reigned 1143-80), the Bogomils turned their focus to evangelism in Western Europe, and it was around this time that the Cathars, a branch of the Bogomils, made their presence known. In 1167, the "heretic pope" Niketas from Constantinople presided over a Cathar synod in Karaman near Toulouse, strengthening the Cathar church organization, but he was also a Bogomil priest. At this time, the eastern church had already split into the moderate Bulgarian Church and the radical Duragovica Church, and in Western Europe this was strongly reflected in Italy. In the 13th century, the center of activity moved to Bosnia, but after the occupation of Bosnia by the Ottoman Turks in 1463, most of the sect converted to Islam.

[Konno Kunio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

10世紀以後バルカン半島や小アジアに広まったキリスト教の二元論的異端で、トラキアのパウロ派を通じてマニ教の影響を受けた。この名は創始者ボゴミルBogomil(ギリシア語テオフィロス――神の友の意――のブルガリア語訳)にちなんだもの。彼はマケドニアのフィリッポポリス周辺で、俗世からの離脱、華美な教会儀式の拒否、また財産と権力の放棄こそ真にキリスト教的な生活であると説いて、貴族から農民層に至る広い支持者を得たが、1118年コンスタンティノープル周辺の指導者はビザンティン皇帝アレクシオス1世(在位1081~1118)によって火刑にされ、40年の教会会議では彼らの書物の破棄が命じられた。とくにマヌエル1世(在位1143~80)の激しい弾圧を受けてからは西ヨーロッパにも伝道の方向を向けたといわれるが、ボゴミル派の分枝とされるカタリ派がはっきりその姿をみせるのも同じころである。1167年トゥールーズに近いカラマンでコンスタンティノープルからきた「異端の教皇」ニケタスがカタリ派の教会会議を司会し、同派の教会組織を強化したが、彼もボゴミル派の司祭であったらしい。このころすでに東方では穏健なブルガリア教会と過激なドゥラゴビツァ教会に分裂していて、西欧ではイタリアにそれが強く反映した。13世紀に活動の中心はボスニアに移ったが、1463年オスマン・トルコによるボスニア占領によってこの派の大部分はイスラム教に転向した。

[今野國雄]

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