Uklad - Uklad (English spelling) уклад/uklad Russian

Japanese: ウクラード - うくらーど(英語表記)уклад/uklad ロシア語
Uklad - Uklad (English spelling) уклад/uklad Russian

A Russian term referring to different types of production relations existing within the economic foundation of a particular historical society. In Russian literature, it is often written as socio-economic ukrad or economic ukrad, and in Japan it is usually translated as economic system. The general character of a social formation is determined by the basic production relations corresponding to a certain level of productive forces. During the successive development of a social formation, at its base, the basic and dominant ukrads are replaced. However, except in the case of classless societies, in addition to the basic ukrad, there can usually be several subordinate or auxiliary ukrads within the economic foundation of a particular historical society. These include relics inherited from previous social formations (for example, feudal land ownership relations within capitalist society), qualitatively new production relations in the process of being formed, and ukrads that historically played a prominent role but always remained in a secondary position (for example, petty commodity production). The relative importance of each of the coexisting ukrads and their mutual intertwining give a certain special character, including class structure, to a given historical society. Multi-ukrad economies are particularly noteworthy during periods of transition in social structures. Immediately after the October Revolution in Russia (1917), Lenin clarified the existence of five ukrads and their interrelationships. Furthermore, a multi-ukrad perspective is useful for economic analysis of modern developing countries.

[Akira Kadowaki]

"Lenin, On 'Left-wing' Childish Games and Petty Bourgeoisie" (Collected Works of Lenin, Vol. 27, 1918, Otsuki Shoten, 1958)

[Reference] | Transitional theory

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

特定の歴史的社会の経済的土台内部に存在する異なった類型の生産関係をさすロシア語。ロシア語文献では、社会経済的ウクラードまたは経済的ウクラードと記されることが多く、日本では普通、経済制度と訳されている。ある社会構成体の一般的性格は、一定の発展水準の生産力に照応する基本的生産関係によって規定される。社会構成体の継起的発展に際し、その基底では基本的かつ支配的なウクラードの交代が生ずる。しかし、無階級社会の場合を除き、通常、特定の歴史的社会の経済的土台内部には、基本的ウクラード以外に複数の従属的ないし付随的ウクラードが存在しうる。そのようなものとしては、先行の社会構成体から受け継がれた遺制(たとえば資本主義社会内部の封建的土地所有関係)や、生成途上の質的に新しい生産関係、ならびに歴史的には顕著な役割を演ずるがつねに第二義的地位にとどまっているウクラード(たとえば小商品生産)などがある。並存する諸ウクラードのそれぞれの比重、相互の絡み合いが、当の歴史的社会に階級構造をも含む一定の特殊的性格を付与することとなる。多ウクラード経済がとりわけ注目されるのは、社会構成体の移行期である。ロシア十月革命(1917)直後にレーニンは、五つのウクラードの存在とそれらの相互関係を解明した。また、現代発展途上国の経済的分析における多ウクラード論的視角は有効である。

[門脇 彰]

『レーニン著『「左翼的な」児戯と小ブルジョア性とについて』(『レーニン全集27 1918年』所収・1958・大月書店)』

[参照項目] | 過渡期論

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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