Morton Chanyu - Bokutotsuzenu

Founder of the Xiongnu state (reigned 209-174 BC). After killing his father Touman, he became Chanyu. He defeated the Donghu in eastern Mongolia and the Yuezhi, who had power in the Tarim Basin from northwestern Mongolia, and conquered Dingling in the north and Jiankun (Kyrgyzstan) in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, establishing the first nomadic state in Asian history. He besieged the Han Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang near Pingcheng (Datong, Shanxi Province), but lifted the siege at his wife's request and concluded a treaty of peace and friendship with the Han (198 BC). He defeated the Yuezhi again, moved their base to the Ili River area, and subjugated the Wusun and oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin that were under their control (177 or 176 BC).

[Masao Mamoru]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

匈奴(きょうど)国家の建設者（在位前209～前174）。父の頭曼(とうまん)を殺して単于の位につき、東モンゴリアの東胡(とうこ)、西北モンゴリアからタリム盆地に勢力をもっていた月氏(げっし)を撃破し、北方の丁零(ていれい)、エニセイ川上流域の堅昆(けんこん)（キルギス）などを征服して、アジア史上最初の遊牧国家を建てた。漢の高祖劉邦(りゅうほう)を平城(へいじょう)（山西省大同）付近で包囲したが、妻の言に従って囲みを解き、漢と和親条約を結んだ（前198）。ふたたび月氏を討ち、月氏の本拠をイリ川方面へ移動させ、その支配下にあった烏孫(うそん)やタリム盆地のオアシス都市国家を服属させた（前177または前176）。

［護　雅夫］

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