Medical school - Igakusho

A Western medical education institution opened in Edo at the end of the Edo period. Its predecessor was the Vaccination Institute, which was established in 1858 (Ansei 5) at Kanda Otamagaike by Ito Genboku, Totsuka Seikai and others, with 82 Dutch-style doctors living in Edo pooling their funds to promote vaccination. It was destroyed by fire at the end of the same year, and vaccinations were temporarily continued at the homes of Ito Genboku and Otsuki Shunsai, until it was rebuilt in July 1860 (Man'en 1) on Izumibashi-dori in Shitaya. In October of the same year, it came under the management of the Edo Shogunate, and in October of the following year, 1861, it was renamed the Western Medical Institute, and courses in Western medicine were held in three departments: education, anatomy, and vaccination. In 1863 (Bunkyu 3), it was renamed the Medical School, in 1868 (Meiji 1), it was renamed the Medical School and Hospital, in 1871 it became the University East School, and in 1874 it became the Tokyo Medical School. It is the forerunner of the current Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo.

[Kazuo Katagiri]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕末、江戸に開設された西洋医学教育機関。1858年（安政5）、伊東玄朴(げんぼく)、戸塚静海らの発起で、江戸在住の蘭方医(らんぽうい)82名が費用を出し合い、種痘(しゅとう)普及のため神田お玉が池に開設された種痘所がその前身。同年暮れの火災で類焼、種痘施行は一時、伊東玄朴と大槻俊斎(おおつきしゅんさい)の宅で続けられ、1860年（万延1）7月、下谷(したや)和泉(いずみ)橋通に再建された。ついで同年10月、江戸幕府の管理に移り、翌1861年10月、西洋医学所と改称され、教育、解剖、種痘の3科に分けて西洋医学の講習が行われた。1863年（文久3）医学所と改称され、1868年（明治1）医学校兼病院と改称、1871年に大学東校となり、1874年東京医学校となった。現在の東京大学医学部の前身である。

［片桐一男］

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