Xenolith

Japanese: 捕獲岩 - ほかくがん(英語表記)xenolith
Xenolith

A fragment of a different type of rock from the igneous rock (called the parent rock) that is contained within an igneous rock. It is also called a xenolith. If the rock is of a completely different origin from the parent rock, it is called an exogenous xenolith or exogenous fragment. If the rock is derived from the same magma as the parent rock (a part that solidified at an early stage of crystallization), it is called a cognate xenolith. Xenoliths vary in shape from rounded to angular. They range in size from a few millimeters to a few meters. Xenoliths are fragments of rocks that were captured by magma as it rose. Peridotites and eclogites that make up the upper mantle can be found as xenoliths in alkali basalts and kimberlites. These xenoliths are often rounded fragments, so they are also called peridotite nodules or peridotite nodules. At present, when humans cannot reach the upper mantle, xenoliths are the only samples of upper mantle material that can be obtained.

[Tokiko Chiba]

[Reference] | Igneous rocks

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

火成岩の中に含まれている、その火成岩(母岩(ぼがん)という)とは別種の岩石片。ゼノリスともいう。母岩とまったく起源が異なる岩石であれば外来捕獲岩または外来岩片という。母岩と同じマグマに由来する岩石(結晶作用の早い時期に固結した部分)であれば同源捕獲岩という。形は丸みのあるものから角張ったものまでさまざまである。大きさは数ミリメートルから数メートルのものまである。捕獲岩は、マグマが上昇してくる途中にあった岩石を破片として取り込んだものである。上部マントルをつくっている橄欖(かんらん)岩類やエクロジャイトが捕獲岩としてアルカリ玄武岩やキンバレー岩に含まれていることがある。これらの捕獲岩は丸みを帯びた岩片となっていることが多いので、橄欖岩団塊とか橄欖岩ノジュールともよばれる。上部マントルまで人間の手が届かない現在、上部マントル物質として手に入る唯一の試料が捕獲岩である。

[千葉とき子]

[参照項目] | 火成岩

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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