…In mainland Greece, bandits called Kleftis were very active. They used Mount Olympus and Mount Pindus as refuges and attacked landlords and Turkish soldiers. The Ottoman government, which had been put to the test, organized a punitive force made up of Greek residents called armatolos to suppress them, but this was unsuccessful, and the armatolos often began to act as bandits instead. In the 18th century, the Ottoman army suffered repeated defeats and the Austrian and Russian policies of advancing south gave rise to the so-called Eastern Question. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "armatolós" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ギリシア本土ではクレフティスKléftisとよばれる義賊の活動が盛んであった。オリュンポス山やピンドス山などを避難所にしながら地主やトルコ兵を襲う彼らの活動に手をやいたオスマン政府はアルマトロスarmatolósと称するギリシア人住民からなる討伐軍を設けたが成果なく,かえってアルマトロスが義賊活動を始める場合も多かった。 18世紀に入るとオスマン帝国軍のたび重なる敗北とオーストリアとロシアの南進政策によって,いわゆる東方問題が生まれた。… ※「armatolós」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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