A method of analyzing non-radioactive materials by measuring radioactivity using a radioisotope as a reagent or indicator. In many cases, a chemical species containing a radioactive nuclide is stoichiometrically bound to the non-radioactive element to be analyzed, and the target non-radioactive element is quantified based on the equivalence relationship by measuring radioactivity, but a reagent containing a radioactive nuclide may also be used simply as an indicator. Similar terms include activation analysis and radiochemical analysis. The former is a method in which a non-radioactive substance is irradiated to activate it and then analyzed by measuring its radioactivity, while the latter is a method in which radioactive substances in radioactive samples are analyzed by measuring radioactivity, and both are distinct from radioanalysis. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
放射性同位体を試薬または指示薬として利用して,放射能を測定することにより非放射性物質を分析する方法をいう。分析対象である非放射性の元素に,放射性核種を含む化学種を化学量論的に結合させて,放射能測定により,その当量関係から目的の非放射性元素を定量する場合が多いが,放射性核種を含む試薬を,単に指示薬として使うこともある。これとよく似た用語に放射化分析と放射化学分析がある。前者は非放射性物質を照射して放射化し,放射能を測定して分析する方法であり,後者は放射性の試料中の放射性物質を放射能測定によって分析する方法であって,それぞれ放射分析とは区別される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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