This is an analysis carried out by measuring the radioactivity emitted by a radioactive nuclide, or the radioactivity of a daughter nuclide (a new nuclide produced by the radioactive decay of a radioactive nuclide) that is in radioactive equilibrium with it. Each radioactive nuclide has a different half-life, type of radiation, and energy, so by measuring these, the nuclide can be confirmed and identified, and the amount of the nuclide can be determined by measuring the strength of the radioactivity. When various nuclides coexist and cannot be measured, they are separated into each type of nuclide using various methods. Since the amount of a nuclide is generally very small, it is common to use a carrier (a substance with the same or very similar chemical properties) for the separation process. [Takada Takeo] "Radiochemical Analysis" edited by the Japanese Society for Analytical Chemistry (1963, Kyoritsu Shuppan)" ▽ "Analytical Chemistry 2" by FW Fifield et al., translated and supervised by Keiichi Furuya (1998, Maruzen) [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
放射性核種から発する放射能、あるいはそれと放射平衡にある娘(むすめ)核種(放射性核種が放射性壊変することによって新しく生成された核種)の放射能を測定することによって行う分析をいう。放射性核種はそれぞれ異なる半減期と放射線の種類およびエネルギーをもっているので、これを測定することにより核種の確認や同定ができ、放射能の強さの測定から核種の量を求めることができる。各種の核種が共存したまま測定できない場合には、種々の方法で各核種に分離して行う。核種の量は一般にきわめて微量であるので分離操作に担体(化学的性質が同じかまたはよく似た物質)を使用するのが普通である。 [高田健夫] 『日本分析化学会編『放射化学分析法』(1963・共立出版)』▽『F. W. Fifield他著、古谷圭一監訳『分析化学2』(1998・丸善)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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