A branch of chemistry that studies radioactive materials. After the phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by French physicist Becquerel in 1896, much chemical research on radioactive elements was carried out, and it became a large field. With the synthesis and systematization of this field, the British physical chemist Soddy named it around 1911. The main subjects of research are the production and distribution of radioactive nuclides in nature, the production of artificial radioactive nuclides, the separation and production of radioactive nuclides, the properties of compounds containing radioactive nuclides, the chemical effects of nuclear reactions such as the recoil effect, and the use of radioactive nuclides. The detection and quantification of radioactive nuclides is often carried out using their radiation, so even very small amounts can be handled, but on the other hand, since radiation is handled, there is the inconvenience of needing special equipment. Although it does handle radiation, that is not its purpose, so although it is related to radiation chemistry, it is clearly a different field. [Nakahara Katsunori] "Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry" by Shoichi Kawamura (1980, Tsusho Sangyo Kenkyusha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
放射性物質を研究対象とする化学の一分野。1896年フランスの物理学者ベックレルにより放射能の現象が発見されてから、放射性元素についての多くの化学的研究が行われ、一つの大きな分野となり、その総合と体系化に伴い、1911年ごろイギリスの物理化学者ソディによって命名された。おもな研究対象は、天然における放射性核種の生成・分布、人工放射性核種の生成、放射性核種の分離生成、放射性核種を含む化合物の性質、核反応の化学的諸効果たとえば反跳効果、放射性核種の利用などである。 放射性核種の検出・定量などをそれらの放射線を利用して行うことが多いので、きわめて微量でも取り扱うことができるが、またその反面放射線を取り扱うので、特殊な装置が必要な不便さもある。放射線を取り扱うが、それが目的ではないので、放射線化学とは関係はあるが、明らかに異なった分野である。 [中原勝儼] 『河村正一著『放射化学と放射線化学』(1980・通商産業研究社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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