Bruno - Giordano Bruno

Japanese: ブルーノ - ぶるーの(英語表記)Giordano Bruno
Bruno - Giordano Bruno

Italian Renaissance philosopher. Born in Nola, near Naples. Entered the Dominican Order in 1563, he first studied the ideas of Thomas Aquinas, but was also interested in the mnemonic techniques of Raymond Lull, and was particularly influenced by ancient thought and the naturalism of Teresio. He fled the monastery after being put on trial for suspected heresy (1576) and traveled throughout Italy, Switzerland, France, England, and Germany. During his stay in London, he published a succession of masterpieces written in Italian, including On Infinity, the Universe, and the Worlds (1584). He returned to Italy in 1591, was accused in Venice in 1592, and was sent to Rome in 1593, where he died at the stake after eight years in prison.

Based on the Copernican theory, Bruno holds that there is no fixed center in the universe, and that an infinite number of worlds (celestial bodies) move in an endless space. He further distinguishes between "principles" related to the internal structure of things and "causes" as external forces, and considers the Cosmic Spirit to be the first cause of the infinite universe, which creates and moves everything, and at the same time, as the principle of form, gives form to the principle of matter. He regards the infinite universe, held together by this Cosmic Spirit, as the footprints of God, the unfolding of God. Therefore, Bruno's pursuit of the infinity of the universe can be understood as a pursuit of God. Humans are called the shadow of God because they have the power of cognition and can understand the things in the universe.

[Keiji Otani]

"On Infinity, the Universe and the Worlds" translated by Junichi Shimizu (1967, Gendai Shichosha)""Studies on Giordano Bruno" by Junichi Shimizu (1970, Sobunsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア・ルネサンス期の哲学者。ナポリに近いノラに生まれる。1563年ドミニコ会に入会、まずトマス・アクィナスの思想を学ぶが、ライムンドゥス・ルルスの記憶術にも興味をもち、とくに古代やテレジオの自然主義から強い影響を受ける。異端の疑いで裁判にかけられることになって修道院を逃亡し(1576)、イタリア各地をはじめ、スイス、フランス、イギリス、ドイツを遍歴。とくにロンドン滞在中には、『無限、宇宙と諸世界について』(1584)などイタリア語で書かれた代表作を矢つぎばやに出版する。1591年イタリアに帰り、1592年ベネチアで訴えられ、1593年ローマに送られて、8年間の獄中生活のすえ火刑台上で死んだ。

 彼は、コペルニクス説に基づいて、宇宙には固定した中心はないとし、際限のない空間で、数限りのない世界(天体)が運動しているとする。さらに事物の内的構成にかかわる「原理」と外的力としての「原因」を区別し、無限な宇宙の第一原因として、すべてをつくり動かすと同時に、形相原理として、質料原理に形を与える宇宙霊を考える。この宇宙霊によってまとまりをもつ無限な宇宙を、神の足跡、神の展開とみなしている。したがって、ブルーノによる宇宙無限性の追求は、神の探求と解することができよう。人間は認識の力をもち、宇宙の事物を理解することができるために、神の影とよばれる。

[大谷啓治]

『清水純一訳『無限、宇宙と諸世界について』(1967・現代思潮社)』『清水純一著『ジョルダーノ・ブルーノの研究』(1970・創文社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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