Bladder cancer

Japanese: 膀胱癌 - ぼうこうがん（英語表記）bladder cancer

It is the most common cancer occurring in the urinary tract. It is most common in people in their 50s and 60s, with a male-female ratio of 3 to 5:1, with more men than women. The cause of its occurrence is unknown, but it is said that it is more common in people working in the dyeing, plastics, and chemical industries. The most common symptom is hematuria, followed by frequent urination, pain during urination, and a feeling of residual urine. The most common diagnosis is cystoscopy, in which a tube is inserted into the urethra. Surgery is the mainstream treatment. In advanced bladder cancer, total cystectomy, urethral resection, and lymph node dissection are performed, and in men, the seminal vesicles and prostate are also removed. As a result, normal urination is no longer possible, and urinary tract diversion such as an artificial bladder is required. Recently, transurethral tumor resection, which is performed through the urethra, has become more common. In any case, early diagnosis and early treatment are important, and it is advisable to undergo cystoscopy in middle-aged and elderly people who suffer from repeated hematuria or cystitis.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

尿路に発生する癌のうち，最も多い。 50～60歳代に多く見られ，患者の男女比は3～5:1と男性に多い。発生原因は不明だが，染色，プラスチック，化学工業等に携る人に多いとの説もある。自覚症状としては血尿が最も多く見られ，頻尿，排尿時の痛み，残尿感などと続く。診断には，尿道内に管を挿入する膀胱 (ぼうこう) 鏡検査が最もよく用いられる。治療法は外科的手術が主流。進行した膀胱癌では膀胱全摘，尿道切除，リンパ節の郭清を行ない，男性の場合は精嚢，前立腺も摘除することになる。そのため通常の排尿はできなくなり，人工膀胱などの尿路変更が必要となる。最近では尿道を通して行なう経尿道的腫瘍切除術も多く行なわれるようになってきた。いずれにせよ早期診断，早期治療が重要であり，血尿あるいは膀胱炎を繰り返すような中高年者では，膀胱鏡検査等を受けることが望ましい。

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