This refers to damage caused by inhaling or coming into contact with gaseous chemicals. There are many types of gases, but they can be broadly classified according to their effects on the body as follows: (1) Simple asphyxiant gases include acetylene, argon, butane, ethane, ethylene, helium, hydrogen, methane, neon, nitrogen, nitric oxide, propane, carbon dioxide, etc. (2) Upper respiratory tract irritating gases include ammonia, acetic acid, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen fluoride, etc. (3) Lung irritating gases These include chlorine, phosgene, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and oxidants. (4) Chemical asphyxiant gases include carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Each gas and its effects are explained in the section on each chemical or its poisoning. [Sadayoshi Shigeta] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ガス状の化学物質を吸入あるいは皮膚に接触することによっておこる障害をいう。このようなガスの種類は非常に多いが、生体に対する作用によって大別すると次のようになる。 (1)単純窒息性ガス アセチレン、アルゴン、ブタン、エタン、エチレン、ヘリウム、水素、メタン、ネオン、窒素、一酸化窒素、プロパン、二酸化炭素などが含まれる。 (2)上気道刺激ガス アンモニア、酢酸、二酸化硫黄(いおう)、ホルマリン、フッ化水素などが含まれる。 (3)肺刺激ガス 塩素、ホスゲン、二酸化窒素、オゾン、オキシダントなどが含まれる。 (4)化学的窒息性ガス 一酸化炭素とシアン化水素が含まれる。 なお、それぞれのガスとその作用などについては各化学物質またはその中毒の項目で解説されている。 [重田定義] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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