Qadar

Japanese: Qadar

…This gave rise to the issue of whether sin was the fault of humans or whether God caused it, that is, the debate between free will and predestination. In this debate, those who advocated free will were called the Qadar sect, and those who advocated predestination were called the Jabr sect, but as is clear from the fact that predestination is listed in the six faiths mentioned above, predestination ultimately won. However, there were also responses to this debate that reserved judgment. …

From the Ibad School

…They also accepted taqiya (hiding one's faith for fear of harm) and emphasized the commonality of Muslims, stating that those who commit the sins designated as hud in the Quran are not mu'mins (believers) but muwahids (monotheists). For this reason, they were the first in the history of Islamic thought to address the issue of human sin, and this was later taken up by the Qadar school. The Ibadi school was introduced to North Africa in the early 8th century and founded the Rustamid dynasty. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Qadar" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このことは，罪は人間の責任か，それとも神がなさしめたのかという問題，つまり自由意志説と予定説との論争を起こさせた。この論争で，自由意志説を唱えた者をカダルQadar派，予定説を主張した者をジャブルJabr派というが，前述の六信に予定が挙げられていることからも明らかなように，最終的には予定説が勝利を収めた。　しかし，この論争には判断保留という反応もあった。…

【イバード派】より

…またタキーヤ(危害を恐れて信仰を隠すこと)を認め，コーランにハッドと定められた罪を犯した者はムーミン(信者)ではないが，ムワッヒド(一神教徒)であるとして，同じイスラム教徒としての共通性を重視した。このことから，彼らはイスラム思想史上初めて人間の罪の問題を取り上げ，のちカダルQadar派がこれを受け継いだ。イバード派は8世紀の初め北アフリカに伝えられ，ルスタム朝を建国した。…

※「Qadar」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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