American biochemist. Born in New York City. Graduated from New York University in 1927, he went on to Columbia University where he majored in zoology, earning his degree in 1932. He then studied physiology in the laboratories of Warburg in Berlin and Culler in Zurich. In 1934 he became a lecturer in biochemistry and later in biology at Harvard University, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1944 and professor in 1948. In 1956 he was a visiting professor at the University of California. He began his research into vision during his time in Berlin, and discovered that vitamin A is present in the retina of the eye and plays an important role. The light-sensing pigment rhodopsin contained in the rods of the retina is composed of an aldehyde derivative of vitamin A and protein, and he theoretically demonstrated that taking vitamin A would be effective in treating conditions such as night blindness. In 1967, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Hartline and Granit for their "discoveries concerning the physiological and chemical processes underlying vision." [Editorial Department] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの生化学者。ニューヨーク市に生まれる。1927年ニューヨーク大学を卒業、さらにコロンビア大学で動物学を専攻し、1932年学位を取得した。その後、ベルリンでワールブルク、チューリヒでカラーの研究室で生理学を学ぶ。1934年ハーバード大学で生化学、のちに生物学の講師となり、1944年準教授、1948年教授に昇格した。1956年にはカリフォルニア大学の客員教授も務めた。 ベルリン時代から視覚の研究に着手、ビタミンAが目の網膜に存在し、重要な役割を果たしていることを発見した。網膜の桿体(かんたい)に含まれている、光を感じる色素ロドプシン(視紅)はビタミンAのアルデヒド誘導体とタンパク質から構成されており、そのためビタミンAの摂取が夜盲症などに有効であることを理論的に示した。1967年「視覚の生理学的・化学的基礎過程に関する発見」によって、ハートライン、グラニットとともにノーベル医学生理学賞を受賞した。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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