Peter Behrens

Japanese: ベーレンス - べーれんす(英語表記)Peter Behrens
Peter Behrens

German architect. Born in Hamburg. Initially he aspired to be a painter in Munich, but was influenced by William Morris and joined the Munich Secession in 1893. In 1901 he designed his own house in the artists' colony in Darmstadt, which prompted him to pursue architecture, and he became director of the School of Arts and Crafts in Düsseldorf (1903-07), and then from 1907 worked as a designer for the electrical company AEG in Berlin. After World War I, he served as professor of architecture at the Vienna Academy and the Prussian Academy of Arts. One of his later works was the expressionist Hoechst Dyeworks in Frankfurt (1929). He died in Berlin.

During his time at AEG, Behrens designed factory buildings such as the turbine factory, employee housing, as well as the company's products, posters, and letterhead, pioneering the possibilities of modern design by combining classical and neat forms with industrial rationality. The AEG Turbine Factory (1908-09) in particular has a classical form that inherited classical aesthetics in its expression, but its basic structural method already embodies the design sensibility that would later be sublimated by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Gropius.

[Kenshiro Takami]

[Reference] | Architecture

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの建築家。ハンブルクに生まれる。初めミュンヘンで画家を志したが、ウィリアム・モリスの影響を受けて、1893年ミュンヘン分離派に参加する。1901年ダルムシュタットの芸術家村で自邸を設計、これを契機に建築へ進み、デュッセルドルフの工芸学校校長(1903~07)、ついで07年からベルリンの電気会社AEG(アーエーゲー)のデザイナーとして活躍した。第一次世界大戦後はウィーン・アカデミーの建築科教授、プロシア芸術アカデミーの建築科教授を歴任した。晩年の作に表現主義的なフランクフルトのヘヒスト染料工場(1929)がある。ベルリンに没。

 ベーレンスはAEG時代には、タービン工場に代表される工場建築、社員住宅を設計するほか、同社の製品からポスター、レターヘッドまでをデザインし、古典的で端正な造形を工業的な合理性と結び付けて、近代デザインの可能性を開拓した。とくにAEGタービン工場(1908~09)は、その表現にこそ古典主義美学を受け継いだクラシックな造形がみられるが、基本的構造方式はのちにミース・ファン・デル・ローエやグロピウスによって止揚されることになるデザイン性をすでに内包させている。

[高見堅志郎]

[参照項目] | 建築

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